{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T07:04:22Z","timestamp":1784790262170,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Industry-Academy Cooperation Plan Budget Subsidy of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","award":["MOST 110-2637-H-020-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2637-H-020-003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the effectiveness of a Visual Reaction Training System (VRTS) for improving badminton-specific footwork performance in U12 players. Thirty-four participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group and completed a six-week training intervention. Training effectiveness was evaluated using star-footwork tests under fixed and random conditions, with reaction time and total movement time as outcome measures. Mixed-design ANOVA and ANCOVA were used for data analysis. The results showed that the experimental group achieved significantly greater improvements than the control group in both reaction time and movement performance. A significant group \u00d7 time interaction was observed for fixed-mode reaction time (F = 12.26, p &lt; 0.001, \u03b7p2 = 0.28). Significant between-group effects were also found for fixed-mode movement time (F = 204.73, p &lt; 0.001, \u03b7p2 = 0.87) and random-mode movement time (F = 34.77, p &lt; 0.001, \u03b7p2 = 0.54). These findings indicate that VRTS-based training effectively enhances agility, visual reaction ability, and footwork execution in young badminton players. The system may serve as a practical tool for both training and performance assessment in youth badminton development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26154660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T06:11:42Z","timestamp":1784787102000},"page":"4660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of a Visual Reaction Training System on Footwork Agility, Reaction Time, and Movement Performance in U12 Badminton Players"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Dinh Quang","family":"Ngoc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Science, Technology and Foreign Affairs, Bac Ninh Sports University, Tu Son 16151, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Van","family":"Phuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Science, Technology and Foreign Affairs, Bac Ninh Sports University, Tu Son 16151, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletic Sports, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin-Mou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletic Sports, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6256-355X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lan-Yuen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletic Sports, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuei-Pin","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Physical Education, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 928, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"A Biomechanical Analysis of Badminton Footwork for Functional Badminton Shoe Design","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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