{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:25:02Z","timestamp":1789424702775,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a self-tuning minimal-rule fuzzy logic controller for high-performance induction motor drives operating under field-oriented control. Unlike conventional full-rule fuzzy controllers and reduced-rule designs with fixed post-design scaling, the proposed method combines a fixed nine-rule Mamdani inference structure with a bounded online output gain adaptation mechanism. The nominal gain and adaptation sensitivity are determined offline using Particle Swarm Optimization, thereby retaining operating-condition responsiveness without requiring online optimization, rule reconstruction, or membership-function retuning. The closed-loop behavior is analyzed using a discrete-time Lyapunov framework derived from the induction motor mechanical dynamics under bounded disturbances. The controller is evaluated through fixed-step simulations incorporating measurement noise, 12-bit signal quantization, and a one-sample computational delay. Comparative results against a conventional PI controller and a classical 49-rule fuzzy controller show that the proposed scheme achieves a rise time of 0.15 s, a settling time of 0.26 s, a post-transient mean absolute tracking error of 4 RPM, negligible overshoot, and a torque ripple of approximately 0.44 Nm. Relative to the classical 49-rule FLC, the proposed design reduces the maximum number of fuzzy-rule evaluations per control update from 49 to 9, corresponding to an 81.6% reduction in structural fuzzy-inference complexity. The results indicate a favorable simulation-level trade-off between dynamic performance, disturbance rejection, and structural algorithmic simplicity. Generated-code SIL, Hardware-in-the-Loop testing, target-processor timing measurements, and experimental implementation remain necessary to establish practical embedded feasibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26154789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:45:26Z","timestamp":1785239126000},"page":"4789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Self-Tuning Minimal-Rule Fuzzy Logic Controller for High-Performance Induction Motor Drives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5969-2513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuad","family":"Alhaj Omar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electric and Energy, Zonguldak B\u00fclent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8980-6913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nihat","family":"Pamuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Zonguldak B\u00fclent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6716-6414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talha Enes","family":"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54187, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7319-8861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sel\u00e7uk","family":"Emiro\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54187, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bose, B.K. 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