{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T12:50:10Z","timestamp":1794228610362,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ASI","award":["2019-27-HH.3-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-27-HH.3-2024"]}]},{"name":"ASI","award":["2025-37-I.0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-37-I.0"]}]},{"award":["2019-27-HH.3-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-27-HH.3-2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034zgem50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2025-37-I.0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-37-I.0"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034zgem50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ESA (European Space Agency) Core Technology Program (CTP) AREMBES","award":["4000116655\/16\/NL\/BW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000116655\/16\/NL\/BW"]}]},{"award":["4000116655\/16\/NL\/BW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000116655\/16\/NL\/BW"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03wd9za21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Cryogenic Anticoincidence (CryoAC) detector is a critical subsystem designed to reduce the particle background for the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) instrument onboard the NewAthena space observatory, the next ESA X-ray Large mission. Advancing this technology to Technology Readiness Level 5 (TRL5) requires a unified validation spanning both cleanroom microfabrication repeatability and mK low temperature operational performance. This work presents the complete development cycle of the Demonstration Model 1.2 (DM 1.2), which is aimed at completing the TRL5 demonstration path featured by all the critical technologies operating simultaneously. First, single-process verification protocols were established for Iridium pulsed laser deposition, Reactive Ion Etching (RIE), and deep silicon trenching via the Bosch process. Second, three identical single-pixel prototypes were fabricated and subjected to mK characterization. Four-wire resistance measurement results confirmed a 2\/3 production yield against strict design targets (TC ~100 mK). Finally, functional testing at a bath temperature of 50 mK using a VTT FAB4 SQUID readout demonstrated excellent performance, including a low-energy threshold of ~0.6 keV, a pixel power dissipation of 5.15 nW, and an energy resolution \u0394EFWHM = 735 eV at 6 keV. These combined achievements successfully validate the entire manufacturing and operational baseline against all primary space mission requirements. This paper has to be considered as a review of the CryoAC technology path toward the TRL5 achievement; main findings will be reported and discussed. Details are relegated to other papers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26154985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T09:46:38Z","timestamp":1786009598000},"page":"4985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Developing the NewAthena X-IFU Cryogenic AntiCoincidence Detector (CryoAC): From Microfabrication Process Standardization to Cryogenic Functional Verification Toward TRL5"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7887-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Macculi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INAF\/IAPS Roma, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5139-4578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"D\u2019Andrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAF\/IAPS Roma, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4347-511X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Gorla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAF\/IAPS Roma, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3088-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Lotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAF\/IAPS Roma, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Minervini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAF HQ, Viale del Parco Mellini 84, 00136 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1675-6223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Monastra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"INAF\/OAR, Via Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Piro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAF\/IAPS Roma, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9740-7346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Ferrari 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16146 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Rigano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department and INFN Genova, Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Chiarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR\/IFN Roma, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2298-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Torrioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR\/IFN Roma, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8297-1983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Fiorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAF\/IASF Milano, Via 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SPIE 2026, to be submitted.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.3104565"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9357957","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2021.3060356","article-title":"Two-stage SQUID amplifier for the frequency multiplexed readout of the X-IFU x-ray camera","volume":"31","author":"Kiviranta","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100407","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2026.3652506","article-title":"Characterization of CryoAC Demonstration Model 1.1 Candidates for the Athena X-IFU Instrument","volume":"36","author":"Gorla","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"2101407","article-title":"The TES-Based Cryogenic AntiCoincidence Detector of ATHENA X-IFU: Validation of the Thermal End-to-End Simulator Toward the Updated Demonstration Model (DM 1.1)","volume":"35","author":"Macculi","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Appl. 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Astron."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10909-025-03273-8","article-title":"Benefits of the Use of Monte Carlo Simulations in Cryogenic Detector Design","volume":"219","author":"Lotti","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Low Temp. Phys."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2022.167862","article-title":"First structural tests of the CryoAC Detector silicon chip of the Athena X-ray observatory","volume":"1047","author":"Tarassi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucl. Inst. Methods Phys. Res. A"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/26\/15\/4985\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T04:21:55Z","timestamp":1786162915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/26\/15\/4985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s26154985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s26154985","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]}}}