{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:05:50Z","timestamp":1786122350130,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province","award":["BG2025039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG2025039"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62431014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62431014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["62431014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62431014"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) channels are governed by rapidly evolving multipath. These dynamics arise from UAV motion, air\u2013ground geometry, and scene-dependent scatterers, yet field evidence comparing monostatic and bistatic sensing links remains limited. We develop a cooperative monostatic\u2013bistatic measurement system for low-altitude UAV ISAC channel sounding. The system integrates a UAV-borne sensing node, a ground node, synchronized acquisition, and an offline processing chain. It enables UAV-borne monostatic sensing and air\u2013ground bistatic sensing to be measured within the same low-altitude urban scenario. A field measurement campaign is conducted along a representative route containing buildings, trees, roadside facilities, and open ground. From the measured in-phase\/quadrature (IQ) data, the system extracts channel impulse responses (CIRs) and power delay profiles (PDPs) as primary measurement products. Delay\u2013Doppler processing, multipath-component extraction, and trajectory analysis are applied to compare link-dependent propagation behavior under matched environmental conditions. The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed platform can jointly capture monostatic and bistatic ISAC channel responses and support controlled and synchronized low-altitude UAV channel measurement experiments. This system provides an experimental basis for UAV ISAC channel modeling, measurement-platform assessment, and subsequent sensing algorithm evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26165015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T10:12:01Z","timestamp":1786097521000},"page":"5015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cooperative Monostatic and Bistatic Measurements for Low-Altitude UAV ISAC: System Implementation and Channel Characterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Ming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI), Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingqi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4995-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiuming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2915069","article-title":"A Survey of Air-to-Ground Propagation Channel Modeling for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","volume":"21","author":"Khawaja","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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