{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T12:37:34Z","timestamp":1786451854718,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2024ZD1000800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZD1000800"]}]},{"name":"Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2024ZD1000805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZD1000805"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Deep drilling equipment operates under high-load, strong-vibration, intermittent-impact, and variable environmental conditions, which motivate sensing systems that provide low-noise acquisition, synchronized triaxial measurements, local data integrity, and quantitative measurement-chain characterization. This paper presents a Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC-based triaxial vibration sensing station for deep drilling equipment applications. The modular station integrates conditioned-voltage triaxial accelerometer interfaces, analog signal conditioning, 24-bit simultaneous analog-to-digital conversion, electrical isolation, local solid-state-drive storage, Ethernet\/wireless communication, and GPS-disciplined oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) timing. The programmable logic performs deterministic acquisition, GPS pulse processing, oscillator calibration, and DMA transfer, while the processing system facilitates storage, network communication, device-state management, and host computer interaction. The sensing electronics are evaluated through zero-input noise, an experiment-specific input-amplitude-to-noise ratio, gain linearity, thermal stability, repeatability, and station-to-station local-PPS timing tests. The characterized electronics achieve a mean equivalent input noise of 0.31 microvolts, a test-derived ratio of 135.08 dB, and a mean station-to-station local-PPS falling-edge difference of 0.34 microseconds. A lightweight post-acquisition interpretation workflow using learnable multichannel weighted fusion, a convolutional autoencoder, a training-distribution-based quantile threshold, and an auxiliary classification branch achieves 0.9705 accuracy and 0.9704 F1-score on a public triaxial bearing dataset under the reported protocol. A crane-based experiment evaluates deployment feasibility and the sensing\u2013analysis workflow using controlled operating events and a removable stationary mass disturbance. The results provide an engineering sensing basis for distributed monitoring studies on deep drilling equipment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26165089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:51:36Z","timestamp":1786449096000},"page":"5089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Zynq-Based Triaxial Vibration Sensing Station with GPS-Disciplined Timing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes, School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes, School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qisheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes, School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingwei","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes, School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes, School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes, School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes, School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harms, U., Koeberl, C., and Zoback, M.D. (2007). 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