{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:40:34Z","timestamp":1787568034784,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Mobile Research Institute Joint Innovation Platform"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02k01dh53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rapid development of large model-driven agent applications, such as digital assistants and robots, requires 6G radio access networks (RAN) to deliver enhanced flexibility, adaptability, and low-latency capabilities. However, the existing RAN user plane (UP) architecture suffers from coarse decoupling granularity and significant cross-layer functional redundancy. These limitations severely hinder the on-demand orchestration and dynamic reconfiguration required by heterogeneous agent services. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a ComBERT-driven service-based RAN UP decoupling method, specifically targeting the functional coupling and redundancy between the PDCP and RLC sublayers. First, we develop a domain-specific language model, ComBERT, by pre-training a BERT model on a 3GPP protocol corpus and fine-tuning it on text-matching tasks to deeply comprehend protocol semantics. Subsequently, ComBERT is utilized to extract semantic features from UP functional components, employing a sliding window mechanism to overcome truncation in lengthy protocol texts and using cosine similarity to measure functional relevance. Finally, a threshold-based fusion algorithm is designed to identify and merge cross-layer redundant functions, thereby forming independent service units with distinct responsibilities. These fused units serve as the basic building blocks for scenario-specific orchestration. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the number of UP components by 12.5%, 18.7%, and 18.2% in eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC scenarios, respectively. Simultaneously, it decreases average processing delays by 7.9%, 10.2%, and 11.0% across these respective scenarios. Ultimately, this approach effectively improves the lightweight deployment, processing efficiency, and reconfiguration capabilities of the service-based UP, providing a crucial foundation for on-demand service orchestration in 6G networks tailored to agent services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26175318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:07:53Z","timestamp":1787566073000},"page":"5318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Service-Based RAN User Plane Decoupling and Orchestration via ComBERT for AI AgentServices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Haiyu","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0008-5098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shangyuan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"China Mobile Group Henan Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou Branch, Zhengzhou 450008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1882-6117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Nanjing Institute of InforSuperBahn, Nanjing 210008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5490-971X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunjing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Nanjing Institute of InforSuperBahn, Nanjing 210008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Nanjing Institute of InforSuperBahn, Nanjing 210008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yue, L., and Chen, T. 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