{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T04:20:10Z","timestamp":1787804410138,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/023ktd084","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canary Islands Government"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EQC2019-006594-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQC2019-006594-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["EQC2019-006594-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQC2019-006594-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rkhv978","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hub Nacional de Excelencia en Comunicaciones Cu\u00e1nticas"},{"name":"Ministerio para la Transformaci\u00f3n Digital y de la Funci\u00f3n P\u00fablica"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qh08519","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union-NextGenerationEU scheme, and the Plan de Recuperaci\u00f3n, Transformaci\u00f3n y Resiliencia"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022432","name":"Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica de Canarias","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CEX2025-001609-S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEX2025-001609-S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022432","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["CEX2025-001609-S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEX2025-001609-S"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03cmntr54","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of non-certified commercial electronics for cryogenic applications may be attractive due to their reduced cost and high availability, but they also carry risks related to reliability, performance, and thermal compatibility. The decision to use commercial components that are not certified for cryogenics instead of components specifically designed for such applications must be carefully weighed based on specific project needs and risk tolerances. This work presents the characterisation of a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) at cryogenic temperatures for use in astronomical instrumentation applications with a microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) readout system. The cooling system comprises a cryostat, a cold head operating in a closed-cycle helium refrigeration system based on the Gifford\u2013McMahon principle, a compressor, connectors, cables, a vacuum pump, pressure and temperature sensors, and a temperature control system. The circuit was characterised over the temperature range of 295.4 K to 78.3 K.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26175356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:00:48Z","timestamp":1787644848000},"page":"5356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cryogenic Characterisation of a Commercial Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) for MKID Readout Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0675-6342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan E.","family":"Santos-Verzilli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Circuitos Integrados (LABIC), Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, \u00c1rea de Instrumentaci\u00f3n, Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Industrial, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3191-5284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Portero-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Circuitos Integrados (LABIC), Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, \u00c1rea de Instrumentaci\u00f3n, Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Astrof\u00edsica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0942-5761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Garc\u00eda-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Circuitos Integrados (LABIC), Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, \u00c1rea de Instrumentaci\u00f3n, Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2021-8034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Industrial, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Wooptix, S.L., Nanotec Building, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9968-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Fernando","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Circuitos Integrados (LABIC), Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, \u00c1rea de Instrumentaci\u00f3n, Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10909-013-1025-0","article-title":"Development of Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors for a Detection of Phonons","volume":"176","author":"Ishino","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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