{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:27:30Z","timestamp":1792016850853,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>TA-BI (trust-aware behavioral intelligence) is a conceptual\u2013formal observation-to-decision contract for trust-aware routing support in reactive multi-hop wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs). It specifies evidence provenance and availability, separates current Behavioral Information from historical node Trust, maps these states to route candidates, and controls when RouteScore may affect a native routing decision. In the reference AODV adapter, declared validity checks, destination-sequence freshness, and hop-count precedence are applied before RouteScore on a finite frozen candidate set. A complete common component basis prevents asymmetric missing evidence from favoring a candidate; a closed gate disables TA-BI re-ranking but retains a total routing outcome through baseline ordering or native fallback. Nine propositions establish bounded contract properties, including candidate-admissibility preservation rather than equivalence of the complete AODV transition system. A deterministic Python oracle evaluates ten groups, with explicit T3\/T4 subcases for stale, version-inconsistent, missing, low-confidence, and restored evidence. The evidence is separated into formal correctness, executable conformance, historical integration reachability, and empirical network performance. The supplied formal and deterministic artifacts support only the first two levels; the bounded historical OMNeT++\/INET record supports integration reachability only. Packet delivery, delay, throughput, energy, overhead, scalability, and mobility performance are not evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26175422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:26:03Z","timestamp":1787837163000},"page":"5422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["TA-BI: A Formal Observation-to-Decision Architecture for Trust-Aware Routing Support in Wireless and Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9301-6831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wies\u0142aw","family":"Jab\u0142o\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WB Electronics S.A., 129\/133 Pozna\u0144ska Street, 05-850 O\u017car\u00f3w Mazowiecki, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1275-0736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ksawery","family":"Krenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Missile Technology and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Armament and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-7504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Kawalec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechatronics, Armament and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4942","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.4942","article-title":"Comprehensive Survey of Routing Protocols for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"34","author":"Rady","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun. Syst."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgos, U., Amozarrain, U., G\u00f3mez-Calzado, C., and Lafuente, A. (2017). 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