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This study presents ArqPy, a Python toolbox designed to automate and standardise image preprocessing, enhancement and initial interpretation for archaeological prospection. The toolbox includes atmospheric correction, conventional pansharpening, spectral indices, principal component analysis (PCA), and spatial filtering. Its object-oriented architecture currently supports WorldView-3 (WV3) and WorldView Legion (LEGION) imagery and facilitates the future integration of additional sensors. ArqPy also incorporates complementary AI-based tools: Masked Autoencoder (MAE) feature analysis for exploring and ranking derived products, Z-PNN for deep-learning-based pansharpening, and SAM 3 for text-guided segmentation of candidate crop marks. The toolbox was applied to the preliminary inspection of crop marks at the Zar Tepe archaeological site in southern Uzbekistan before the 2026 field campaign. This case study illustrates the proposed workflow and demonstrates how ArqPy provides a reproducible and readily deployable environment through which archaeologists can access advanced image-processing methods. AI-based tools can support preliminary reconnaissance, but they cannot replace expert interpretation without further training and validation using site-specific archaeological data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26175478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:55:56Z","timestamp":1788155756000},"page":"5478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ArqPy: A Python Toolbox for Remote Sensing Image Preprocessing and AI-Assisted Interpretation of Derived Products for Archaeological Prospection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3359-6213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Iranzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geograf\u00eda y Ordenaci\u00f3n del Territorio, Facultad de Filosof\u00eda y Letras, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Ambientales de Arag\u00f3n (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8911-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Antig\u00fcedad, Facultad de Filosof\u00eda y Letras, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Patrimonio y Humanidades (IPH), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3854-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Ang\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Antig\u00fcedad, Facultad de Filosof\u00eda y Letras, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Patrimonio y Humanidades (IPH), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigaci\u00f3n y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4831-4060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"P\u00e9rez-Cabello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geograf\u00eda y Ordenaci\u00f3n del Territorio, Facultad de Filosof\u00eda y Letras, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Ambientales de Arag\u00f3n (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111280","article-title":"Airborne and Spaceborne Remote Sensing for Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Applications: A Review of the Century (1907\u20132017)","volume":"232","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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