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Since traditional thermocouples cannot provide both measurement performance and structural flexibility simultaneously, we propose a flexible fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature-sensing array. The sensor features a dual-layer composite packaging structure comprising an inner braided quartz-wool layer and an outer nickel-based alloy tube. Combined with a high-temperature annealing process, the packaged array was evaluated against a WRP-191 reference thermocouple. Over the investigated heating and cooling points up to 1000 \u00b0C, the maximum absolute indication error, max|TFBG \u2212 Tref|, was 2.02 \u00b0C and the mean absolute indication error was 1.25 \u00b0C. These quantities are comparison errors relative to the reference thermocouple and are not expanded uncertainties. The dual-layer design also allowed a minimum demonstrated bending radius of 22 mm, supporting deployment in confined and curved installation paths.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26175525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:19:26Z","timestamp":1788232766000},"page":"5525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual-Layer Composite Packaged FBG Sensor Array with Enhanced Thermal and Bending Performance for Extreme Engineering Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"},{"name":"Wuhan Fibersight Optoelectronic Science and Technology Corporation Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Qianfeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shuhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"},{"name":"Wuhan Fibersight Optoelectronic Science and Technology Corporation Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Quanrong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"},{"name":"Wuhan Fibersight Optoelectronic Science and Technology Corporation Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3001-128X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"},{"name":"Wuhan Fibersight Optoelectronic Science and Technology Corporation Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Haoze","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"},{"name":"Wuhan Fibersight Optoelectronic Science and Technology Corporation Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2020.106650","article-title":"Regenerated Fibre Bragg Gratings: A critical assessment of more than 20 years of investigations","volume":"134","author":"Polz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. 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