{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:12:41Z","timestamp":1788545561078,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000893","name":"Simons Foundation Human Cognitive and Behavioral Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["105796-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105796-10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["105796-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105796-10"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cmst727","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Motor behaviour has been shown to differ in both complexity and variability between neurotypical and autistic populations. However, there is little research on the early development of specific kinematic features and their timing of emergence in early life. Methods: The current study examined the early development of kinematic features (duration, range, velocity, acceleration, entropy, and jerk) in infants with a high or low likelihood of autism using state-of-the-art automatic pose estimation models. We evaluated weekly home-recorded videos of naturalistic, spontaneous movements (controlling for clothing, background, and posture) from 60 participants (705 videos) longitudinally over the first six months of life. We automatically extracted kinematic data, including motion of the shoulders, elbows, hips, and knees. Results: Of the kinematic features examined, we found that the groups differed only in the variability of entropy, whereby the variability of entropy was lower in HL compared with LL infants across the first six months of infancy. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of non-invasive, home-based motion tracking to identify early divergences in infant motor trajectories among those with an elevated likelihood of autism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26175643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:25:56Z","timestamp":1788542756000},"page":"5643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Movement-Related Differences Between Infants with High and Low Likelihood of Autism: A Longitudinal Study Using Markerless Motion Tracking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Saber","family":"Sotoodeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Donati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, School of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ori","family":"Ossmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, School of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Educational Neuroscience, School of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8321-719X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gillian S.","family":"Forrester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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