{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:08:51Z","timestamp":1788786531278,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mixed reality (MR) delivered through video see-through headsets could enable reaction-speed assessment while preserving awareness of the physical environment, but its measurement properties remain unclear. This study assessed the reliability of reaction-speed measurements in MR and compared performance and user experience with immersive virtual reality (VR). Forty university students (20 women; age 22.9 \u00b1 2.3 years) completed three 1 min Reaction\u2013Micro Wall trials in each environment in counterbalanced order using Meta Quest 3 and Rezzil Player. Mean reaction speed (RS) and the number of hits per minute (hits\/min) were analyzed; enjoyment, flow, and presence were assessed with validated questionnaires. Single-trial intraclass correlation coefficients were good in both environments (0.797\u20130.884; all p &lt; 0.001) and slightly higher in MR. RS (VR: 517.4 \u00b1 44.6; MR: 521.9 \u00b1 60.3 ms; p = 0.600), hits\/min (p = 0.742), and presence (p = 0.577) did not differ significantly. VR elicited greater enjoyment (p = 0.011) and flow (p = 0.003). Cross-environment associations were moderate (RS r = 0.494), and Bland\u2013Altman analysis showed negligible bias (\u22124.6 ms) but wide limits of agreement (\u2212111.3 to +102.2 ms). MR enables reliable group-level reaction-speed assessment; no significant differences between the environments were detected, although equivalence was not formally tested, and longitudinal monitoring of individuals should be conducted consistently within one environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26175658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T12:12:25Z","timestamp":1788783145000},"page":"5658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mixed Reality as an Environment for Reaction Speed Assessment in Physically Active Young Adults: Measurement Reliability and Participant Experience Compared with Immersive Virtual Reality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3294-7800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Polecho\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7019-3264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"D\u0119bska-Janus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5154-855X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Kostorz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3571-6677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Rozpara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7546-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Zaj\u0105c-Gawlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2257-8850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Nawrocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2179-5466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Cholewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.5007\/1980-0037.2016v18n4p391","article-title":"The Influence of Different Performance Level of Fencers on Simple and Choice Reaction Time","volume":"18","author":"Borysiuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. 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