{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:06:23Z","timestamp":1789103183949,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hangzhou Natural Science Foundation","award":["2024SZRYBH180009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SZRYBH180009"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LMS26E050011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LMS26E050011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["LMS26E050011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LMS26E050011"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04aqat463","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52405005, 52575263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52405005, 52575263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52405005, 52575263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52405005, 52575263"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province Joint Fund","award":["20253BAC280069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20253BAC280069"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The continuous static contraction of the upper limb during overhead work often leads to progressive muscle fatigue, which is the main cause of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and reduced operational safety. Traditional fatigue detection methods cannot capture subtle early fatigue characteristics under dynamic working conditions, and sensors are difficult to conveniently deploy in harsh environments. This study constructs an upper limb fatigue detection model based on wearable interface pressure signals and proposes a spatiotemporal dual-entropy fusion strategy. Sample entropy evaluates temporal muscle movement regularity, with a 10% incremental rate-of-change threshold for significant fatigue identification, superior fatigue sensitivity, and anti-interference capability. Information entropy reflects the spatial dispersion of pressure amplitude, adopting a 5% rate-of-change threshold for early fatigue warning. Combined with sEMG comparative verification and nonlinear fitting analysis, a hierarchical monitoring framework is established: single-index abnormality indicates slight fatigue, while dual-entropy synchronous elevation represents severe neuromuscular fatigue. The proposed method overcomes the limitations of single-index evaluation, accurately identifies multiple fatigue levels, and reliably monitors fatigue in real time, providing effective technical support for ergonomic monitoring and occupational safety protection in overhead operations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26185741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:43:16Z","timestamp":1788972196000},"page":"5741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Upper Limb Muscle Fatigue Detection Approach for Overhead Work Using Interface Pressure Complexity Measurement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9545-7745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoliang","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanghua","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiapeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1108\/IR-03-2020-0066","article-title":"Research on key technologies of multi-task-oriented live maintenance robots for Ultra High Voltage multi-split transmission lines","volume":"48","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind. 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