{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:06:09Z","timestamp":1790075169198,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is widely used for non-invasive facial and neck rejuvenation; however, its longer-term systemic biochemical effects remain insufficiently characterized. This prospective controlled pilot study investigated longitudinal changes in systemic oxidative status at baseline and 3 and 6 months following a single HIFU treatment. Thirty healthy adults were enrolled, including 25 participants who underwent facial and neck HIFU and 5 untreated participants serving as a comparison group. Serum total oxidant status (TOS) was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based method, and longitudinal changes were assessed using mixed-effects modeling. Baseline TOS did not differ significantly between groups (19.54 \u00b1 1.49 vs. 19.78 \u00b1 1.81 \u03bcmol\/L; p = 0.794). A significant group \u00d7 time interaction was observed (Wald \u03c72(2) = 21.78, p &lt; 0.001). Within the HIFU group, TOS decreased at 3 months (17.31 \u00b1 1.51 \u03bcmol\/L; Bonferroni-adjusted p &lt; 0.001) and remained below baseline at 6 months (18.34 \u00b1 0.95 \u03bcmol\/L; p &lt; 0.001), despite a partial increase between 3 and 6 months (p = 0.002). Three participants (12.0%) reported mild, transient deep-tissue tenderness; no serious adverse events occurred. Overall, HIFU was associated with a distinct longitudinal TOS pattern, supporting further investigation of redox and tissue-remodeling biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26185941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:21:48Z","timestamp":1790072508000},"page":"5941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Changes in Systemic Total Oxidant Status Following High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Facial Rejuvenation: A Prospective 6-Month Controlled Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4061-6531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Foteini","family":"Biskanaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School 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