{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:02:51Z","timestamp":1790330571607,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51975233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51975233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52005204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52005204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["51975233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51975233"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52005204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52005204"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M702104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M702104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2021M702104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M702104"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0426zh255","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Post-doctoral Excellence Program","award":["2021178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021178"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In modern radiation sensor systems, the analog output of charge-sensitive preamplifiers (CSA) often suffers from long exponential tails, which severely limit the performance of the sensor system at high counting rates. At high counting rates in nuclear spectroscopy, overlapping exponential pulse tails from charge-sensitive preamplifiers lead to baseline drift and degraded energy resolution. Effective pole\u2013zero cancellation (PZC) is necessary to mitigate these effects; however, conventional PZC tuning is typically manual and repetitive. We present an FPGA-based automatic digital PZC algorithm for nuclear pulse spectroscopy systems that estimates the preamplifier decay time constant online and automatically adjusts the PZC filter in real time. The proposed system combines high-speed digital pulse acquisition with FPGA firmware to achieve robust baseline restoration, pulse deconvolution, and improved energy resolution. Experimental validation with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector and a 60Co gamma source demonstrates that the automatic PZC achieves near-optimal tail cancellation and recovers accurate pulse amplitudes. Compared to manual tuning, the adaptive approach yields superior baseline stability and approximately 6.8% better energy resolution for the 1332.5 keV peak, while reducing adjustment time from minutes to seconds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26196078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:23:01Z","timestamp":1790328181000},"page":"6078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["FPGA-Based Automatic Digital Pole\u2013Zero Cancellation for Nuclear Pulse Spectroscopy Systems: Real-Time Decay Constant Estimation and Adaptive Tuning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3610-4838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiqiang","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Department of Instrument Science and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Department of Instrument Science and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjia","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Department of Instrument Science and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8992-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Department of Instrument Science and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Department of Instrument Science and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9002(94)91652-7","article-title":"Digital techniques for real-time pulse shaping in radiation measurements","volume":"353","author":"Jordanov","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucl. 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