{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:46:16Z","timestamp":1791780376034,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Applied Research Project of Public Welfare Technology in Zhejiang Province","award":["LGF21E080004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGF21E080004"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12572173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12572173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["12572173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12572173"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research developed a novel crack localization technique that employed cross-electromechanical admittance (EMA), and its validity was verified through both analytical simulations and experimental measurements. Initially, an analytical model of the cross-EMA was established based on the transfer matrix method (TMM), and subsequently verified by experimental data and finite element analysis. Using the established model, the cross-EMA signatures were then utilized for crack localization in conjunction with a damage index defined as the correlation coefficient (CC). Furthermore, experimental investigations were carried out on five steel specimens, each of which was instrumented with multiple surface-bonded Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) wafers in a distributed manner. A crack with a width of 1.5 mm and a depth of 8 mm was introduced into each specimen to simulate structural damage. Both analytical investigations and experimental research have demonstrated that the cross-EMA signatures exhibit crack localization capabilities and can precisely reflect the local mechanical characteristics of the monitored structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26196216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:19:37Z","timestamp":1790777977000},"page":"6216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling and Experimental Study of Cross-Electromechanical Admittance for Crack Localization in Beams with Distributed Piezoelectric Wafers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Future Cities, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5102-5572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Future Cities, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2023.105574","article-title":"Modern damage measurement of structural elements: Experiment, terrestrial laser scanning, and numerical studies","volume":"58","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Structures"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2025.109782","article-title":"Experimental investigation of size and cross-sectional shape effects on strain distributions in concrete-filled steel tubes","volume":"235","author":"Abdullah","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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