{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T11:56:23Z","timestamp":1791374183254,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers offer a mechanically flexible, high-surface-area platform for wearable bioelectronics, including piezoelectric sensing and self-powered operation. This review establishes a process\u2013structure\u2013property\u2013performance framework for engineering electrospun PVDF- and P(VDF-TrFE)-based wearable systems. Relationships amongst precursor composition, electrospinning parameters, fiber morphology and alignment, crystalline phase formation, dipole orientation, and device-level piezoelectric performance are examined. Electrospinning is compared with other established fabrication methods including solution casting, spin coating, melt processing, phase inversion, and printing in terms of electroactive \u03b2-phase fraction, flexibility, scalability, manufacturing complexity, cost, and wearable-device suitability. Device architectures and performance are evaluated across pressure and strain sensing, physiological monitoring, wound-healing interfaces, piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators, and self-powered wearable sensing applications. Additionally, this review considers the distinction between material-level piezoelectric properties and practical system-level performance, alongside challenges in manufacturing reproducibility, realistic mechanical loading, system integration, and long-term operation. Finally, manufacturing and translational considerations are evaluated, and a conceptual engineering roadmap links material selection and processing with microstructure, device architecture, electronics integration, and translation toward robust, scalable wearable bioelectronic systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26196328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T11:34:31Z","timestamp":1791372871000},"page":"6328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Engineering Electrospun PVDF Nanofibers for Next-Generation Wearable Bioelectronics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Reshmi","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4307-091X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gymama","family":"Slaughter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01797193","article-title":"\u00dcber das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen","volume":"87","author":"Berger","year":"1929","journal-title":"Arch. 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