{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:58:43Z","timestamp":1791565123566,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23H01430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23H01430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"JST CREST","award":["JPMJCR23M4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCR23M4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading depends on the integrity of smart-meter measurements and coordinator messages. This paper presents an XGBoost detector for false data injection attacks and a hybrid hyperparameter-search mechanism combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) with three hunting-inspired operators from the secretary bird optimization algorithm (SBOA). A common candidate-evaluation budget enables comparison of fixed XGBoost, PSO-XGBoost and SBOA-PSO-XGBoost. The evaluation covers four Austin dataset settings, two attack scenarios and nine classifiers, using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 and computational cost. The equal-scenario mean F1 scores are 90.06%, 94.47% and 96.94% for the three XGBoost variants, respectively. The hybrid adds 2.47 percentage points over PSO with a 5.16% increase in total computation time, while its batch-prediction cost remains close to that of PSO-XGBoost. These comparisons characterize the detection\u2013cost trade-off and the role of hybrid search under a shared evaluation protocol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26196342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:43:38Z","timestamp":1791564218000},"page":"6342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SBOA-Inspired Particle Swarm Optimization of XGBoost for False Data Injection Detection in P2P Energy Trading"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0081-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3358-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7190-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuh","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.101911.00087","article-title":"Smart grid\u2014The new and improved power grid: A survey","volume":"14","author":"Fang","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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