{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T16:45:09Z","timestamp":1762015509258,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,18]],"date-time":"2008-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1208476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of engineered plants as biosensors has made elegant strides in the past decades, providing keen insights into the health of plants in general and particularly in the nature and cellular location of stress responses. However, most of the analytical procedures involve laboratory examination of the biosensor plants. With the advent of the green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a biosensor molecule, it became at least theoretically possible for analyses of gene expression to occur telemetrically, with the gene expression information of the plant delivered to the investigator over large distances simply as properly processed fluorescence images. Spaceflight and other extraterrestrial environments provide unique challenges to plant life, challenges that often require changes at the gene expression level to accommodate adaptation and survival. Having previously deployed transgenic plant biosensors to evaluate responses to orbital spaceflight, we wished to develop the plants and especially the imaging devices required to conduct such experiments robotically, without operator intervention, within extraterrestrial environments. This requires the development of an autonomous and remotely operated plant GFP imaging system and concomitant development of the communications infrastructure to manage dataflow from the imaging device. Here we report the results of deploying a prototype GFP imaging system within the Arthur Clarke Mars Greenhouse (ACMG) an autonomously operated greenhouse located within the Haughton Mars Project in the Canadian High Arctic. Results both demonstrate the applicability of the fundamental GFP biosensor technology and highlight the difficulties in collecting and managing telemetric data from challenging deployment environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s8042762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T10:21:49Z","timestamp":1228126909000},"page":"2762-2773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Deployment of a Prototype Plant GFP Imager at the Arthur Clarke Mars Greenhouse of the Haughton Mars Project"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Anna-Lisa","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32601 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Bamsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Science, Canadian Space Agency, 6767 route de l\u2019aeroport, Longueuil, Que., Canada J3Y 8Y9"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Berinstain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Science, Canadian Space Agency, 6767 route de l\u2019aeroport, Longueuil, Que., Canada J3Y 8Y9"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Braham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PolyLAB, Simon Fraser University, 515 W. Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6B 5K3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Neron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Science, Canadian Space Agency, 6767 route de l\u2019aeroport, Longueuil, Que., Canada J3Y 8Y9"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Murdoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bionetics Corporation, SLSL Bldg. M6-1025, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 2W1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Ferl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32601 USA"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00483-9","article-title":"Engineered GFP as a vital reporter in plants","volume":"6","author":"Chiu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr. 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