{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:21:20Z","timestamp":1790295680213,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: Structural lower limb-length discrepancies (LLLD) have been classically associated with the etiology of low back pain. However, their biomechanical effects on lower-limb muscle activity during running remain unclear. This pilot crossover study aimed to evaluate the influence of orthotic interventions\u2014designed to compensate for LLLD and modify foot biomechanics\u2014on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the contralateral tensor fasciae latae (TFL) in healthy runners. Methods: A total of 41 recreational male and female runners (mean age 32.27 \u00b1 6.09) with structural LLLD were recruited and classified as neutral (Ng), supinated (SPg), or pronated (PRg) based on their foot posture. Surface EMG activity of the TFL in the longer leg was recorded with specific surface electrodes while participants ran on a treadmill at a constant speed of 9 km\/h for 3 min. Each subject randomly wore standard orthoses with 5 mm pronating (PRO), supinating (SUP) wedges or orthoses with a heel lift (TAL) to compensate for the shorter leg, alongside the baseline condition (SIN). Results: Perfect reliability (close to 1) was obtained for all measurements. A statistically significant reduction in TFL EMG activity was recorded in the Ng group: SIN 105.64 \u00b1 50.6%MVC vs. PRO 100.16 \u00b1 48.61%MVC (p &lt; 0.05), and SIN vs. TAL 93.49 \u00b1 15.88%MVC (p &lt; 0.001). A significant reduction was also observed in the PRg group: SIN 91.82 \u00b1 40.75%MVC vs. TAL 80.08 \u00b1 31.75%MVC (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Orthotic compensation for LLLD and foot pronation modifications produced measurable changes in TFL EMG activity during running. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the interaction between limb-length asymmetry, foot biomechanics, and proximal muscle activation in runners, and may inform future studies on overuse injuries such as iliotibial band syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sports13110412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T12:33:04Z","timestamp":1763469184000},"page":"412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Leg-Length Discrepancy Compensation and Wedge Foot-Orthoses on Tensor Fasciae Latae EMG in Runners"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7071-9860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Sanchez-Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5765-9637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boon Peng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1159-5938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitali","family":"Lipik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9849-3904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Sanz-Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Pododin\u00e1mica, 28005 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de Pol\u00edmeros (ICTP), Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6396-761X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Iulian","family":"Alexe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health, Sciences, \u201cVasile Alecsandri\u201d University of Bac\u0103u, 600115 Bac\u0103u, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimena","family":"Garrido Cebrecos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Pododin\u00e1mica, 28005 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Mart\u00edn","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7839-4789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Gomez Carrion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2006.08.004","article-title":"Iliotibial band friction syndrome\u2014A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Ellis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Man. 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