{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T03:32:00Z","timestamp":1783049520155,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Castleford Tigers RLFC and Rugby Football League","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In professional academy rugby league (RL) players, this two-part study examined; (A) the within- and between-day reliability of isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP), countermovement jumps (CMJ), and a wellness questionnaire (n = 11), and (B) profiled the responses with acceptable reliability (no between-trial differences and between-day coefficient of variation (CV) \u226410% and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) \u22650.8) for 120 h (baseline: \u22123, +24, +48, +72, +96, +120 h) following RL match-play (n = 10). In part A, force at 200, and 250 ms, and peak force (PF) demonstrated acceptable within- (CV%: 3.67\u20138.41%, ICC: 0.89\u20130.93) and between-day (CV%: 4.34\u20138.62%, ICC: 0.87\u20130.92) reliability for IMTP. Most CMJ variables demonstrated acceptable within-day reliability (CV%: 3.03\u20137.34%, ICC: 0.82\u20130.98), but only six (i.e., flight-time, PF, peak power (PP), relative PP, velocity at take-off (VTO), jump-height (JH)) showed acceptable between-day reliability (CV%: 2.56\u20136.79%, ICC: 0.83\u20130.91). Only total wellness demonstrated acceptable between-day reliability (CV%: 7.05%, ICC: 0.90) from the questionnaire. In part B, reductions of 4.75% and 9.23% (vs. baseline; 2.54 m\u2219s\u22121; 0.33 m) occurred at +24 h for CMJ VTO, and JH, respectively. Acceptable reliability was observed in some, but not all, variables and the magnitude and time-course of post-match responses were test and variable specific. Practitioners should therefore be mindful of the influence that the choice of recovery monitoring tool may have upon the practical interpretation of the data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sports8050073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T06:43:40Z","timestamp":1590389020000},"page":"73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Reliability of Neuromuscular and Perceptual Measures Used to Profile Recovery, and the Time-Course of Such Responses Following Academy Rugby League Match-Play"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hendrickus G. J.","family":"Aben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds LS18 5HD, UK"},{"name":"Castleford Tigers RLFC, The Mend-A-Hose Jungle, Castleford WF10 2SD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel P.","family":"Hills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds LS18 5HD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Castleford Tigers RLFC, The Mend-A-Hose Jungle, Castleford WF10 2SD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlton B.","family":"Cooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds LS18 5HD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5440-5765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds LS18 5HD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QT, UK"},{"name":"England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds LS17 8NB, UK"},{"name":"Leeds Rhinos Rugby Club, Leeds LS6 3BR, UK"},{"name":"School of Science and Technology, University of New England; Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia"},{"name":"Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town 7725, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7305-1090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds LS18 5HD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-015-0015-y","article-title":"Influence of playing standard and physical fitness on activity profiles and post-match fatigue during intensified junior rugby league competition","volume":"1","author":"Johnston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med. Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2019.1622882","article-title":"Peak movement and collision demands of professional rugby league competition","volume":"37","author":"Johnston","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2018.1500425","article-title":"The peak duration-specific locomotor demands and concurrent collision frequencies of European Super League rugby","volume":"37","author":"Weaving","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0406","article-title":"The relationship between match-play characteristics of elite rugby league and indirect markers of muscle damage","volume":"11","author":"Oxendale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.640707","article-title":"Neuromuscular, biochemical and perceptual post-match fatigue in professional rugby league forwards and backs","volume":"30","author":"Twist","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2014.01.009","article-title":"Influence of physical qualities on post-match fatigue in rugby league players","volume":"18","author":"Johnston","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318231a627","article-title":"Neuromuscular responses to impact and collision during elite rugby league match play","volume":"26","author":"McLellan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181cc22cc","article-title":"Markers of postmatch fatigue in professional rugby league players","volume":"25","author":"McLellan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.5.3.367","article-title":"Neuromuscular, endocrine, and perceptual fatigue responses during different length between-match microcycles in professional rugby league players","volume":"5","author":"McLean","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0759","article-title":"Recovery and performance in sport: Consensus statement","volume":"13","author":"Kellmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318291b726","article-title":"Neuromuscular function, hormonal, and mood responses to a professional rugby union match","volume":"28","author":"West","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aben, H.G.J., Hills, S.P., Cooke, C.B., Davis, D., Jones, B., and Russell, M. (2020). Profiling the post-match recovery response in male rugby: A systematic review. J. Strength Cond. Res., under review.","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003741"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0413","article-title":"Between-days reliability and sensitivity of common fatigue measures in rugby players","volume":"11","author":"Roe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.17159\/2078-516X\/2016\/v28i1a1411","article-title":"Changes in markers of fatigue following a competitive match in elite academy rugby union players","volume":"28","author":"Roe","year":"2016","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.3.2.131","article-title":"Reliability of measures obtained during single and repeated countermovement jumps","volume":"3","author":"Cormack","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001024","article-title":"Changes in adductor strength after competition in academy rugby union players","volume":"30","author":"Roe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3266","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31828f1d74","article-title":"Performance analysis of professional, semiprofessional, and junior elite rugby league match-play using global positioning systems","volume":"27","author":"McLellan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.36.5.334","article-title":"Physiological characteristics of junior and senior rugby league players","volume":"36","author":"Gabbett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182a73c0e","article-title":"Anthropometric and physical characteristics of English academy rugby league players","volume":"28","author":"Till","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1177\/1747954119829289","article-title":"Training, match and non-rugby activities in elite male youth rugby union players in England","volume":"14","author":"Hendricks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Sci. Coa."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327078IN0204_03","article-title":"The concept of ecological validity: What are its limitations and is it bad to be invalid?","volume":"2","author":"Lewkowicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infancy"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001968","article-title":"Effect of body position on force production during the isometric midthigh pull","volume":"32","author":"Beckham","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-016-3488-6","article-title":"Resistance training intensity and volume affect changes in rate of force development in resistance-trained men","volume":"116","author":"Mangine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001194","article-title":"The effects of attentional focusing instructions on force production during the isometric midthigh pull","volume":"30","author":"Halperin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3463","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001765","article-title":"Effect of Different Onset Thresholds on Isometric Midthigh Pull Force-Time Variables","volume":"31","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000433","article-title":"Standardization and methodological considerations for the isometric midthigh pull","volume":"41","author":"Comfort","year":"2019","journal-title":"Strength Cond. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0317","article-title":"A Comparison of isometric midthigh-pull strength, vertical jump, sprint speed, and change-of-direction speed in academy netball players","volume":"12","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guppy, S., Brady, C., Kotani, Y., Stone, M., Medic, N., and Haff, G. (2018). The effect of altering body posture and barbell position on the between-session reliability of force-time curve characteristics in the isometric mid-thigh pull. Sports, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports6040162"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0467","article-title":"Countermovement-jump-phase characteristics of senior and academy rugby league players","volume":"12","author":"McMahon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3070","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318212dcd5","article-title":"Relationships between force\u2013time characteristics of the isometric midthigh pull and dynamic performance in professional rugby league players","volume":"25","author":"West","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/10913670802349766","article-title":"Three different methods of calculating vertical jump height from force platform data in men and women","volume":"12","author":"Moir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Meas. Phys. Educ. Exerc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Borg, G. (1998). Borg\u2019s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales, Human Kinetics."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"58","article-title":"Effect of knee and trunk angle on kinetic variables during the isometric midthigh pull: Test\u2013retest reliability","volume":"10","author":"Comfort","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Physiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","article-title":"Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests","volume":"16","author":"Cronbach","year":"1951","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7080.572","article-title":"Statistics notes: Cronbach\u2019s alpha","volume":"314","author":"Bland","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024338","article-title":"Effect size estimates: Current use, calculations, and interpretation","volume":"141","author":"Fritz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000705","article-title":"A comparison of methods for determining the rate of force development during isometric midthigh clean pulls","volume":"29","author":"Haff","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3364","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001830","article-title":"Between-session reliability of isometric midthigh pull kinetics and maximal power clean performance in male youth soccer players","volume":"32","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00283.2002","article-title":"Increased rate of force development and neural drive of human skeletal muscle following resistance training","volume":"93","author":"Aagaard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181a00ca2","article-title":"Reliability of performance measurements derived from ground reaction force data during countermovement jump and the influence of sampling frequency","volume":"23","author":"Hori","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McMahon, J.J., Rej, S.J., and Comfort, P. (2017). Sex differences in countermovement jump phase characteristics. Sports, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports5010008"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.8.3.312","article-title":"The effects of game and training loads on perceptual responses of muscle soreness in Australian football","volume":"8","author":"Montgomery","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick, J., Hicks, K., Russell, M., and Hayes, P. (2019). The reliability of potential fatigue-monitoring measures in elite youth soccer players. J. Strength Cond Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0349","article-title":"Recovery of force\u2013time characteristics after Australian rules football matches: Examining the utility of the isometric midthigh pull","volume":"14","author":"Norris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dos\u2019Santos, T., Thomas, C., Comfort, P., McMahon, J., and Jones, P. (2017). Relationships between isometric force-time characteristics and dynamic performance. Sports, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports5030068"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Whitehead, S., Till, K., Weaving, D., Dalton-Barron, N., Ireton, M., and Jones, B. (2018). The duration-specific peak average running speeds of European super league academy rugby league match-play. J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2016.06.011","article-title":"A detailed quantification of differential ratings of perceived exertion during team-sport training","volume":"20","author":"McLaren","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"}],"container-title":["Sports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4663\/8\/5\/73\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:31:40Z","timestamp":1760175100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4663\/8\/5\/73"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["sports8050073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports8050073","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4663","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]]}}}