{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:49:27Z","timestamp":1780480167128,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]],"date-time":"2020-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents a study based on the outputs from the LUISA Territorial modelling platform (Joint Research Centre of the European Commission) focused on regional and local future projections of land abandonment between 2015 and 2030. Spain is taken as representative of one of the countries highly affected by agricultural land abandonment in the European Union. The most relevant factors driving land abandonment (biophysical, agroeconomics, farm structure and demographic) are described and mapped. Results from the analysis reveal that the Galicia region, northern Spain (Asturias, Cantabria, Gipuzkoa, Bizkaia), north-eastern Spain (Arag\u00f3n region), central Pyrenees\/Ebro basin (Huesca, Navarra, Lleida) and south-eastern Spain (Murcia, Almer\u00eda, Alicante, M\u00e1laga) are expected to undergo important abandonment processes. The study also concludes that land abandonment within mountainous, high nature value farmland and Natura 2000 areas is lower compared to the outside area without conservation and protection measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su12020560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T04:05:51Z","timestamp":1578888351000},"page":"560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["An Assessment and Spatial Modelling of Agricultural Land Abandonment in Spain (2015\u20132030)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3161-2240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Perpi\u00f1a Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elo\u00edna","family":"Coll Aliaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera, s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Lavalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"Mart\u00ednez Llario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera, s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2006.03.004","article-title":"Investigating the regional-scale pattern of agricultural land abandonment in the Swiss mountains: A spatial statistical modelling approach","volume":"79","author":"Gellrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.2447","article-title":"Main environmental features leading to recent land abandonment in Murcia region (southeast Spain)","volume":"27","year":"2016","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-006-9056-4","article-title":"Changes in land-use\/land-cover patterns in Italy and their implications for biodiversity conservation","volume":"22","author":"Falcucci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1659\/0276-4741(2003)023[0362:LUALCC]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Land use and land cover change after agricultural abandonment","volume":"23","author":"Poyatos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mt. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Etienne, M., Le Page, C., and Cohen, M. (2019, March 10). A Step-By-Step Approach to Building Land Management Scenarios Based on Multiple Viewpoints on Multi-Agent System Simulations Ecology and Society. Available online: http:\/\/jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk\/6\/2\/2.html."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lasanta (2016). T.; Arn\u00e1ez, J.; Pascual, N.; Ruiz-Fla\u00f10, R.; Errea, M.P.; Lana-Renault, N. Space-time process and drivers of land abandonment in Europe. Catena, 149, 810\u2013823.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2016.02.024"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1006\/jema.1999.0335","article-title":"Agricultural abandonment in mountain areas of Europe Environmental consequences end policy response","volume":"59","author":"MacDonald","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2011.08.008","article-title":"Multi-scale assessment and spatial modelling of agricultural land abandonment in a European peripheral region: Galicia (Spain), 1956\u20132004","volume":"29","year":"2012","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"554","article-title":"An assessment of the causes and consequences of agricultural land abandonment in Europe","volume":"24","author":"Mandel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Pointereau, P., Coulon, F., Girard, P., Lambotte, M., Stuczynski, T., Sanchez Ortega, V., and Del Rio, A. (2008). Analysis of Farmland Abandonment and the Extent and Location of Agricultural Areas that Are Actually Abandoned or Are in Risk to Be Abandoned, Publications Office of the European Union. JRC46185."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2019.01.018","article-title":"The evolution of soil conservation policies targeting land abandonment and soil erosion in spain: A review","volume":"83","author":"Cammeraat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Abandonment of agricultural land: An overview of drivers and consequences","volume":"2","author":"Benayas","year":"2007","journal-title":"CAB Rev. Perspect. Agric. Vet. Sci. Nutr. Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2015.06.009","article-title":"Farmland abandonment in Europe: Identification of drivers and indicators, and development of a composite indicator of risk","volume":"49","author":"Terres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2012.06.011","article-title":"Determinants of agricultural land abandonment in post-Soviet European Russia","volume":"30","author":"Prishchepov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.326","article-title":"Spatial variation in determinants of agricultural land abandonment in Europe","volume":"644","author":"Levers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Keenleyside, C., and Tucker, G.M. (2010). Farmland Abandonment in the EU: An Assessment of Trends and Prospects, Institute for European Environmental Policy. Report prepared for WWF."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2004.11.001","article-title":"Mountain Mediterranean landscape evolution caused by abandonment of traditional primary activities: A study of the Spanish Central Pyrenees","volume":"25","author":"Lasanta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(17)60441-7","article-title":"Contrasted impact of land abandonment on soil erosion in Mediterranean agriculture fields","volume":"28","author":"Iserloh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1177\/0309133318758521","article-title":"Long-term impact of rainfed agricultural land abandonment on soil erosion in the Western Mediterranean basin","volume":"42","author":"Novara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Phys. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.1032","article-title":"Land abandonment, landscape evolution, and soil erosion in a Spanish Mediterranean mountain region: The case of Camero Viejo","volume":"22","author":"Lasanta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2016.08.013","article-title":"Ecosystem responses to land abandonment in Western Mediterranean Mountains","volume":"149","author":"Brevik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2004, January 7\u20138). Land Abandonment, Biodiversity and the CAP. Proceedings of the Outcomes of an International Seminar, Sigulda, Latvia."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Elbersen, B., Beaufoy, G., Jones, G., Noij, G.-J., Doorn, A., Breman, B., and Hazeu, G. (2014). Aspects of data on diverse relationships between agriculture and the environment. Report for DG-Environment, Alterra."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"ECORYS (2010). SEGIRA\u2014Study on employment, growth and innovation in rural areas. Main Report, ECORYS."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2010.11.003","article-title":"Patterns and drivers of post-socialist farmland abandonment in Western Ukraine","volume":"28","author":"Baumann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2014.07.014","article-title":"Spatial determinants of abandonment of large-scale arable lands and managed grasslands in Slovakia during the periods of post-socialist transition and European Union accession","volume":"54","author":"Feranec","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2013.10.013","article-title":"Evaluating IRENA indicator \u201cRisk of Farmland Abandonment\u201d on a low spatial scale level: The case of Galicia (Spain)","volume":"38","year":"2014","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"2","article-title":"Land abandonment: Concept and consequences","volume":"17","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revista Galega de Econom\u00eda"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2010.01.001","article-title":"The effects of land uses on soil erosion in Spain: A review","volume":"81","year":"2010","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2016, January 15). Eurostat (2016)\u2014EUROPOP2013, Convergence Scenario, National Level. Available online: http:\/\/epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/cache\/ITY_SDDS\/EN\/proj_10c_esms.htm."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Britz, W., and Witzke, H.P. (2012). CAPRI Model Documentation 2012. Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University Bonn."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"European Commission (2018, November 15). General Equilibrium Model for the Economy-Energy\u2013Environment (GEM-E3). Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/jrc\/en\/gem-e3\/model."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"European Commission\u2013Joint Research Centre (2018, February 08). Dynamic Spatial General Equilibrium Model for EU Regions and Sectors (RHOMOLO). Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/jrc\/en\/rhomolo."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"European Commission\u2013Joint Research Centre (2016, January 25). JRC-EU-Times Model Assessing Long Term Role Energy Technologies. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/jrc\/en\/scientific-tool\/jrc-eu-times-model-assessing-long-term-role-energy-technologies."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"85104","article-title":"The reference scenario in the LUISA platform\u2014Updated configuration 2014 towards a common baseline scenario for EC impact assessment procedures","volume":"10","author":"Baranzelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Publ. Off. Eur. Union Luxemb."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Jacobs-Crisioni, C., Diogo, V., Perpi\u00f1a Castillo, C., Baranzelli, C., Batista e Silva, F., Rosina, K., Kavalov, B., and Lavalle, C. (2017). The LUISA Territorial Reference Scenario: A Technical Description, Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/1747423X.2012.667450","article-title":"A procedure to obtain a refined European land use\/cover map","volume":"8","author":"Lavalle","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Land Use Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"72","article-title":"Modeling the Choice of Residential Location","volume":"672","author":"McFadden","year":"1978","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s101090050010","article-title":"Land use scanner: An integrated GIS based model for long term projections of land use in urban and rural areas","volume":"1","author":"Hilferink","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.  Geogr. Syst."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2014.10.002","article-title":"A utility-based suitability framework for integrated local-scale land-use modelling","volume":"50","author":"Koomen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Perpi\u00f1a Castillo, C., Kavalov, B., Ribeiro Barranco, R., Diogo, V., Jacobs-Crisioni, C., Batista e Silva, F., Baranzelli, C., and Lavalle, C. (2018). Territorial Facts and Trends in the EU Rural Areas within 2015\u20132030, Publications Office of the European Union. JRC114016."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Lavalle, C., Pontarollo, N., Batista, E., Silva, F., Baranzelli, C., Jacobs, C., Kavalov, B., Kompil, M., Perpi\u00f1a Castillo, C., and Vizcaino, M. (2017). European Territorial Trends\u2014Facts and Prospects for Cities and Regions, Publications Office of the European Union. JRC107391."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2015.1051486","article-title":"Modelling the spatial allocation of second-generation feedstock (lignocellulosic crops) in Europe","volume":"29","author":"Lavalle","year":"2015","journal-title":"International J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2018.11.047","article-title":"Mapping access to generic services in Europe: A market-potential based approach","volume":"4","author":"Kompil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities  Soc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12544-016-0197-5","article-title":"Accessibility and territorial cohesion in a case of transport infrastructure improvements with changing population distributions","volume":"8","author":"Lavalle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Transp. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"(2019, December 10). European Commission\u2013Joint Research Centre. Available online: https:\/\/urban.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/#\/en."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"(2019, December 10). European Commission\u2013Joint Research Centre. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/knowledge4policy\/online-resource\/territorial-dashboard_en."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"(2019, December 10). European Commission, Eurostat. Available online: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/gisco\/geodata\/reference-data\/administrative-units-statistical-units\/nuts."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"European Commission\u2013Joint Research Centre (2019, December 10). LUISA Collection, Data Catalogue. Available online: https:\/\/data.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/collection\/luisa."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"European Commission\u2013Joint Research Centre (2019, December 10). LUISA Territorial Modelling Platform. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/jrc\/en\/luisa."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"IIASA\/FAO (2017, April 07). Global Agro-Ecological Zones\u2014GAEZ Portal. Available online: http:\/\/www.gaez.iiasa.ac.at\/."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Hiederer, R. (2016). Processing a Soil Organic Carbon C-Stock Baseline under Cropland and Grazing Land Management. EUR 28158 EN, Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"FAO\/IIASA\/ISRIC\/ISSCAS\/JRC (2012). Harmonized World Soil Database (Version 1.2), IIASA."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"European Commission\u2013Joint Research Centre, European Soil data Centre (ESDAC), and Sinfo (Soil data for the MARS) (2017, May 20). Data for the Soil Information System for the MARS Crop Yield Forecasting System (SINFO). Available online: https:\/\/esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/sinfo-soil-data-mars-information."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"European Commission\u2013Joint Research Centre, European Soil data Centre (ESDAC), and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2017, July 05). Spatial Data Version 1.1. Available online: https:\/\/esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/content\/european-food-safety-authority-efsa-data-persam-software-tool."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) (2018, September 20). Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Available online: http:\/\/www2.jpl.nasa.gov\/srtm\/."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"European Commission, Eurostat (2018, March 15). Farm structure surveys (FSS)-Structure of agricultural holdings. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Main_Page."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"European Commission, Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) (2018, March 15). Special request of microdata to DG Agriculture and rural Development, Farm Economics Unit. Available online: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/agriculture\/rica\/."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Dijkstra, L., and Poelman, H. (2014). A Harmonised Definition of Cities and Rural Areas: The New Degree of Urbanisation, European Commission, Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy. Regional Policy Working Papers."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2010.08.003","article-title":"Common criteria for the redefinition of intermediate less favoured areas in the European Union","volume":"13","author":"Eliasson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Council Directive 95\/212\/EC of 29 May 1995 concerning the Community list of less-favoured farming areas within the meaning of Directive 75\/268\/EEC."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"EEA\u2014European Environment Agency (2019, June 23). High Nature Value (HNV) Farmland. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark. Available online: http:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/data-and-maps\/data\/high-nature-value-farmland."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"EEA\u2014European Environment Agency (2019, June 23). Natura 2000 Data\u2014the European Network of Protected Sites. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark. Available online: http:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/data-and-maps\/data\/natura-8."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-8377(02)00018-2","article-title":"Agricultural adjustment: Adoption of an adaptation to policy reform by large-scale commercial farmers","volume":"19","author":"Walford","year":"2002","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2012.04.005","article-title":"Policy reform and agricultural land abandonment in the EU","volume":"30","author":"Renwick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2006.12.027","article-title":"The response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change in four areas of Europe: The importance of landscape pattern","volume":"98","author":"Bakker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Nowicki, P.L., Van Meijl, H., Kneirim, A., Banse, M.A., Belling, M., Helming, J.F., Leibert, T., Lentz, S., Margraf, O., and Matzdorf, B. (2007). SCENAR 2020. Scenario Study on Agriculture and the Rural World, European Commission, Directorate-General Agriculture and Rural Development and Directorate, G. Economic analysis and evaluation. Contract No. 30\u2013CE\u20130040087\/00-08."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2005.11.005","article-title":"Scenario development to explore the future of Europe\u2019s rural areas","volume":"114","author":"Westhoek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2012.12.010","article-title":"Comparing the determinants of cropland abandonment in Albania and Romania using boosted regression trees","volume":"117","author":"Sikor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2046(93)90081-N","article-title":"Threatned landscape in Alentejo, Portugal: The \u201cmontado\u201d and other \u201cagro-silvo pastoral systems\u201d","volume":"24","year":"1993","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2010.12.006","article-title":"Impact of land use and cover type on runoff and erosion in a marginal area of Portugal","volume":"31","author":"Nunes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.1013","article-title":"Farming practices and policy measures for agricultural soil conservation in semi-arid mediterranean areas: The case of Guadalentin basin in southeast Spain","volume":"22","author":"Calatrava","year":"2011","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez, C., C\u00e1novas-Garc\u00eda, F., Alonso-Sarria, F., Romero-D\u00edaz, A., and Belmonte-Serrato, F. (2010). Cartograf\u00eda de \u00e1reas agr\u00edcolas abandonadas mediante t\u00e9cnicas de SIG y fotointerpretaci\u00f3n. Comarcas de la Huerta y Campo de Murcia y Alto Guadalent\u00edn, Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Geograf\u00eda."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2016.05.003","article-title":"Effects of secondary succession and afforestation practices on soil properties after cropland abandonment in humid Mediterranean mountain areas","volume":"228","author":"Cammeraat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"53","article-title":"El espacio agrario en el valle del Linares: Caracter\u00edsticas y utilizaci\u00f3n reciente","volume":"118","author":"Maiso","year":"1990","journal-title":"Berceo"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Woody plant encroachment following grazing abandonment in the subalpine belt: A case study in northern Spain","volume":"18","author":"Lasanta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reg. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2008.05.006","article-title":"Vegetation cover and geomorphodynamics on abandoned fields in the Central Ebro Basin (Spain)","volume":"102","author":"Sauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vila Subir\u00f3s, J., Rodr\u00edguez-Carreras, R., Varga, D., Ribas, A., \u00dabeda, X., Asper\u00f3, F., Llaus\u00e0s, A., and Outeiro, L. (2015). Stakeholders perceptions of landscape changes in the Mediterranean mountains of the North-Eastern Iberian Peninsula. Land Degrad. Dev.","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.2337"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bad\u00eda, A., P\u00e9lachs, A., Vera, A., Tulla, A.F., and Soriano, J.M. (2014). Cambios en los usos del suelo y cubiertas del suelo y los efectos en la vulnerabilidad en las comarcas de monta\u00f1a de Catalu\u00f1a. Del rol del fuego como herramienta de gesti\u00f3n a los incendios como amenaza. Pirineos, 169.","DOI":"10.3989\/Pirineos.2014.169001"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-009-9355-7","article-title":"Combining top-down and bottom-up dynamics in land use modeling: Exploring the future of abandoned farmlands in Europe with the Dyna-CLUE model","volume":"24","author":"Verburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol."}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/2\/560\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:42:44Z","timestamp":1760362964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/2\/560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["su12020560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su12020560","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]]}}}