{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:44:16Z","timestamp":1775871856808,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["633571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["633571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["727230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["727230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Modern agriculture depends on the production of very few crop species, which provide lower nutritive value for consumers. The present work summarizes the results of a three-year experiment on hulled wheat varieties as potential candidates for food system diversification. The organic field cultivation tests with 10 emmer and five einkorn landraces and varieties were conducted on ~10m2 plots on sandy soil, and from 2017, under on-farm conditions in eastern Hungary. Most accessions adapted well to the marginal conditions, with some landraces even yielding higher than registered varieties\u2014over 3 t per ha on average over three years. Compared to emmer, einkorn had higher maximum grain yields, but its yield performance varied more than that of emmer. Grain protein and the total phenolic content were high in both species. Compared to emmer, einkorn seeds exhibited a 3.8 times higher content of bound flavonoids and had 3.4 times higher antioxidant activity. Four einkorn accessions were resistant to leaf spot, as well as yellow and leaf rusts. Fusarium infected both species similarly. Our findings indicate that not only registered varieties of ancient wheat species but also their landraces can provide sustainable alternatives both for organic farmers and also for the diversification of agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su12041584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T10:49:16Z","timestamp":1582282156000},"page":"1584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Re-Introduction of Ancient Wheat Cultivars into Organic Agriculture\u2014Emmer and Einkorn Cultivation Experiences under Marginal Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Szilvia","family":"Bencze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00d6MKi, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 1033 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Mak\u00e1di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IAREF Research Institute of Ny\u00edregyh\u00e1za, University of Debrecen, 4400 Ny\u00edregyh\u00e1za, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tibor J.","family":"Aranyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IAREF Research Institute of Ny\u00edregyh\u00e1za, University of Debrecen, 4400 Ny\u00edregyh\u00e1za, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mih\u00e1ly","family":"F\u00f6ldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00d6MKi, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 1033 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Hertelendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00d6MKi, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 1033 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4915-7415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Mik\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonv\u00e1s\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8729-2442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Negri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00f3ra","family":"Drexler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00d6MKi, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 1033 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"F\u00fcleky, G. 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