{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T09:04:14Z","timestamp":1773738254566,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n. Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad","award":["RTI2018-094614-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-094614-B-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The industry has entered on the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the so-called Industry 4.0, with global markets and strong competition, some traditional manufacturing firms are implementing new maintenance innovations and policies, based on digitalisation and data driven approach, but also based on servitisation. The implementation of these new equipment maintenance business models, could require new organisational approach at different levels. Different sorts of integration are arranged, in vertical with a flat structure of intelligent, flexible and autonomous units working integrated, in horizontal with a strong external and internal supply chain integration, and in transverse, with an integrated approach that link internal and external stakeholders. A new prescriptive maintenance business model for equipment exploiting digitalisation opportunities, including stakeholder relationship is proposed. Different perspectives such as organisational, innovation and sustainability have been adopted to discuss the implications of the proposal. The social value potentially gained as well as the alignment with the SDGs are discussed as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su13010216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T20:03:03Z","timestamp":1609185783000},"page":"216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["New Business Models from Prescriptive Maintenance Strategies Aligned with Sustainable Development Goals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7885-4354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercedes","family":"Grijalvo Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1370-9030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia","family":"Pacios \u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Aeron\u00e1uticos y del Espacio (ETSIAE), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Plaza del Cardenal Cisenros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9677-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Ordieres-Mer\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2423-1474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Villalba-D\u00edez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hochschule Heilbronn, Fakult\u00e4t Management und Vertrieb, Campus Schw\u00e4bisch Hall, 74523 Schw\u00e4bisch Hall, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Inform\u00e1ticos (ETSIInf), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5753-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Morales-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lrp.2010.01.004","article-title":"From Strategy to Business Models and onto Tactics","volume":"43","author":"Ricart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Long Range Plan."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lrp.2009.07.003","article-title":"Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation","volume":"43","author":"Teece","year":"2010","journal-title":"Long Range Plan."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemus-Aguilar, I., Morales-Alonso, G., Ramirez-Portilla, A., and Hidalgo, A. (2019). Sustainable Business Models through the Lens of Organizational Design: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11195379"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, S., Zheng, X., Villalba-D\u00edez, J., and Ordieres-Mer\u00e9, J. (2020). Data Handling in Industry 4.0: Interoperability Based on Distributed Ledger Technology. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113046"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranjbari, M., Morales-Alonso, G., and Carrasco-Gallego, R. (2018). Conceptualizing the sharing economy through presenting a comprehensive framework. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10072336"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"62","article-title":"Strategy And The Internet","volume":"79","author":"Frank","year":"2001","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.17973\/MMSJ.2018_03_2017104","article-title":"Basics of designing maintenance processes in industry 4.0","volume":"3","author":"Fusko","year":"2018","journal-title":"MM Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1108\/17410381011046571","article-title":"Challenges in transforming manufacturing organisations into product-service providers","volume":"21","author":"Leseure","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Technol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2017.03.037","article-title":"Status review and future perspectives on the framework of Smart Product Service Ecosystem","volume":"64","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123005","article-title":"Sustainable and Smart Product Innovation Ecosystem: An integrative status review and future perspectives","volume":"274","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Passlick, J., Dreyer, S., Olivotti, D., Grutzner, L., Eilers, D., and Breitner, M.H. (2020). Predictive maintenance as an internet of things enabled business model: A taxonomy. Electron. Mark., 1\u201321.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-020-00440-5"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques, H., and Giacotto, A. (2019, January 8\u20139). Prescriptive Maintenance: Building Alternative Plans for Smart Operations. Proceedings of the 10th Aerospace Technology Congress, Stockholm, Sweden.","DOI":"10.3384\/ecp19162027"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fera, M., Greco, A., Caterino, M., Gerbino, S., Caputo, F., Macchiaroli, R., and D\u2019Amato, E. (2019). Towards Digital Twin Implementation for Assessing Production Line Performance and Balancing. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010097"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2017.04.007","article-title":"A procedural approach for realizing prescriptive maintenance planning in manufacturing industries","volume":"66","author":"Matyas","year":"2017","journal-title":"CIRP Ann."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2018.03.280","article-title":"PriMa-X: A reference model for realizing prescriptive maintenance and assessing its maturity enhanced by machine learning","volume":"72","author":"Nemeth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, M., and Tuunanen, T. (2020, January 7\u201310). Actors\u2019 Dynamic Value Co-creation and Co-destruction Behavior in Service Systems: A Structured Literature Review. Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Science, Hawaii, Maui.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2020.143"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"43","article-title":"Business model design: Conceptualizing networked value co-creation","volume":"2","author":"Nenonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Serv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2016.07.801","article-title":"Classification and Mapping of PSS Evaluation Approaches","volume":"49","author":"Mourtzis","year":"2016","journal-title":"IFAC PapersOnLine"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parida, V., Sjodin, D., and Reim, W. (2019). Reviewing Literature on Digitalization, Business Model Innovation, and Sustainable Industry: Past Achievements and Future Promises. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11020391"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Zhang, R., and Wu, D. (2018). Equipment Maintenance Business Model Innovation for Sustainable Competitive Advantage in the Digitalization Context: Connotation, Types, and Measuring. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10113970"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baima, G., Forliano, C., Santoro, G., and Vrontis, D. (2020). Intellectual capital and business model: A systematic literature review to explore their linkages. Intellect. Cap. Bus. Model, 1469\u20131930.","DOI":"10.1108\/JIC-02-2020-0055"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tirabeni, L., De Bernardi, P., Forliano, C., and Franco, M. (2019). How can organisations and business models lead to a more sustainable society? A framework from a systematic review of the industry 4.0. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11226363"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"200","article-title":"Fifteen Years of Research on Business Model Innovation: How Far Have We Come, and Where Should We Go?","volume":"43","author":"Foss","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.06.240","article-title":"Sustainable business model innovation: A review","volume":"198","author":"Geissdoerfer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.159","article-title":"Sustainable business model experimentation by understanding ecologies of business models","volume":"208","author":"Bocken","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.119497","article-title":"Sustainable business model innovation: The role of boundary work for multi-stakeholder alignment","volume":"247","author":"Velter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"282","article-title":"The competitive advantage of an ecosystemic business model: The case of OuluHealth","volume":"3","author":"Jansson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Stud. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2016.11.025","article-title":"Advanced maintenance as enabler for service oriented business models (BM)-An application in forklift trucks","volume":"49","author":"Arnaiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Hirano, H. (2019). JIT Implementation Manual: The Complete Guide to Just-in-Time Manufacturing, (6-Volume Set), CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"149","article-title":"How information gives you competitive advantage","volume":"63","author":"Porter","year":"1985","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.187","article-title":"Value creation in e-business","volume":"22","author":"Amit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garramiola, F., Poza, J., Madina, P., del Olmo, J., and Ugalde, G. (2020). A Hybrid Sensor Fault Diagnosis for Maintenance in Railway Traction Drives. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20040962"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H., and Lee, B. (2020). The Development of a State-Aware Equipment Maintenance Application Using Sensor Data Ranking Techniques. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113038"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moleda, M., Momot, A., and Mrozek, D. (2020). Predictive Maintenance of Boiler Feed Water Pumps Using SCADA Data. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20020571"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merluzzi, A., and Brunetti, G. (2017, January 22\u201326). Metals industry: Road to digitalization. Proceedings of the 2017 40th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), Opatija, Croatia.","DOI":"10.23919\/MIPRO.2017.7973564"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/stab.201710474","article-title":"Digitalization transforms the construction sector throughout asset\u2019s life-cycle from design to operation and maintenance","volume":"86","author":"Hautala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stahlbau"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1080\/0951192X.2019.1571236","article-title":"PriMa: A prescriptive maintenance model for cyber-physical production systems","volume":"32","author":"Ansari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94931","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2928587","article-title":"A dynamic prescriptive maintenance model considering system aging and degradation","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.02.029","article-title":"Innovation in service ecosystems\u2014Breaking, making, and maintaining institutionalized rules of resource integration","volume":"69","author":"Edvardsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transformation toward a cloud business model","volume":"2","author":"Myllykoski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Commun. Cloud Softw."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"41","article-title":"Creating value through business model innovation","volume":"53","author":"Amit","year":"2012","journal-title":"MIT Sloan Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Osterwalder, A., and Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers, John Wiley and Sons."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Bernarda, G., Smith, A., and Papadakosa, T. (2014). Value Proposition Design: How to Create Products and Services Customers Want, John Wiley and Sons."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.02.003","article-title":"How institutional logics hamper innovation: The case of animal testing","volume":"118","author":"Kooijman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.19.080193.001415","article-title":"Formal models of collective action","volume":"19","author":"Oliver","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.1939","article-title":"Business Model Innovation for Sustainability: Towards a Unified Perspective for Creation of Sustainable Business Models","volume":"26","author":"Evans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2016.06.013","article-title":"Servitization, digitization and supply chain interdependency","volume":"60","author":"Bustinza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ind. Mark. Manag."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nosratabadi, S., Mosavi, A., Shamshirband, S., Kazimieras Zavadskas, E., Rakotonirainy, A., and Chau, K.W. (2019). Sustainable business models: A review. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201810.0378.v3"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/radm.12113","article-title":"Business model innovation and strategy making nexus: Evidence from a cross-industry mixed-methods study","volume":"46","author":"Cortimiglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"R&D Manag."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2019.10.007","article-title":"A framework to explore the functioning and sustainability of business models","volume":"21","author":"Bradley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consum."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Iansiti, M., and Levien, R. (2004). The Keystone Advantage: What the New Dynamics of Business Ecosystems Mean for Strategy, Innovation, and Sustainability, Harvard Business Press."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Collaboration in cloud businesses\u2013value networks and ecosystems","volume":"2","author":"Lehto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Commun. Cloud Softw."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"65","article-title":"From value chain to value constellation: Designing interactive strategy","volume":"71","author":"Normann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1504\/IJNVO.2010.034921","article-title":"A task-resource dependency perspective on partner selection during the formation of networked business constellations","volume":"7","author":"Zarvic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Netw. Virtual Organ."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/S2212-5671(14)00566-8","article-title":"Business models for the internet of things environment","volume":"15","author":"Glova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Econ. Financ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villalba-D\u00edez, J., Molina, M., Ordieres-Mer\u00e9, J., Sun, S., Schmidt, D., and Wellbrock, W. (2020). Geometric Deep Lean Learning: Deep Learning in Industry 4.0 Cyber\u2013Physical Complex Networks. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030763"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villalba-Diez, J., Schmidt, D., Gevers, R., Ordieres-Mer\u00e9, J., Buchwitz, M., and Wellbrock, W. (2019). Deep Learning for Industrial Computer Vision Quality Control in the Printing Industry 4.0. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19183987"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villalba-Diez, J., Zheng, X., Schmidt, D., and Molina, M. (2019). Characterization of Industry 4.0 Lean Management Problem-Solving Behavioral Patterns Using EEG Sensors and Deep Learning. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132841"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, D., Diez, J.V., Ordieres-Mer\u00e9, J., Gevers, R., Schwiep, J., and Molina, M. (2020). Industry 4.0 Lean Shopfloor Management Characterization Using EEG Sensors and Deep Learning. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20102860"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.01.014","article-title":"Servitization and Industry 4.0 convergence in the digital transformation of product firms: A business model innovation perspective","volume":"141","author":"Frank","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lrp.2017.06.009","article-title":"Strategies for business model innovation: How firms reel in migrating value","volume":"51","author":"Hacklin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Long Range Plan."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s11365-013-0267-2","article-title":"Understanding the main drivers of value creation in an open innovation program","volume":"9","author":"Herskovits","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Entrep. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.09.159","article-title":"Sustainable business model adoption among S&P 500 firms: A longitudinal content analysis study","volume":"170","author":"Ritala","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.06.067","article-title":"The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models","volume":"135","author":"Joyce","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-01-2018-0049","article-title":"Business model innovation far sustainability: A food start-up case study","volume":"120","author":"Franceschelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br\u00edTish Food J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.09.168","article-title":"How should firms reconcile their open innovation capabilities for incorporating external actors in innovations aimed at sustainable development?","volume":"170","author":"Behnam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernardi, P.D., and Azucar, D. (2020). Innovation and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Structure, Boundaries, and Dynamics. lnnovation in Food Ecosystems, Springer. Chapter 3.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33502-1_3"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"10","article-title":"Ecosystem business models for the Internet of Things","volume":"1","author":"Leminen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Internet Things Finl."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2019.04.077","article-title":"Smart Service Canvas - A tool for analyzing and designing smart product-service systems","volume":"83","author":"Poeppelbuss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1108\/JOSM-12-2018-0398","article-title":"Technological disruptions in services: Lessons from tourism and hospitality","volume":"30","author":"Buhalis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Serv. Manag."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"42","article-title":"Toward Ecosystemic Business Models in the Context of Industrial Internet","volume":"4","author":"Iivari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bus. Model."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012046","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1222\/1\/012046","article-title":"Framework for managing the operations and maintenance of wind farms","volume":"1222","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.33524\/cjar.v13i2.37","article-title":"Understanding participatory action research: A qualitative research methodology option","volume":"13","author":"MacDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Action Res."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Somekh, B. (2005). Action Research: A Methodology for Change and Development: A Methodology for Change and Development, McGraw-Hill Education."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Mills, G.E. (2000). Action Research: A Guide for the Teacher Researcher, ERIC."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2007.24160888","article-title":"Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"50","author":"Eisenhardt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4972(01)00082-7","article-title":"Strategic forecast tool for SMEs: How the opportunity landscape interacts with business strategy to anticipate technological trends","volume":"22","author":"Savioz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2016.01.009","article-title":"Methodology for the of building process integration of Business Model Canvas and Technological Roadmap","volume":"110","year":"2016","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Auer, C., and Follack, M. (2002, January 17\u201319). Using action research for gaining competitive advantage out of the internet, s impact on existing business models. Proceedings of the 15th Bled Electronic Commerce Conference eReality: Constructing the eEconomy, Bled, Slovenia."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1108\/10878570710833714","article-title":"Business model innovation: It\u2019s not just about technology anymore","volume":"35","author":"Chesbrough","year":"2007","journal-title":"Strategy Leadersh."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"155","article-title":"Service innovation in the digital age: Key contributions and future directions","volume":"39","author":"Barrett","year":"2015","journal-title":"MIS Q. Manag. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ordieres-Mer\u00e9, J., Rem\u00f3n, T.P., and Rubio, J. (2020). Digitalization: An opportunity for contributing to sustainability from knowledge creation. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12041460"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nesse, P.J., Hallingby, H.S., Erdal, O.B., and Evjemo, B. (2020). Business Ecosystem and Internet of Things (IoT): Learnings from an Experimental Ecosystem Approach in Norway. Economics and Finance Readings, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-2906-1_8"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-007-0069-6","article-title":"Service-dominant logic: Continuing the evolution","volume":"36","author":"Vargo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acad. Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/1470593114534346","article-title":"Value propositions","volume":"14","author":"Frow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mark. Theory"},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"301","article-title":"Value co-creation in service logic: A critical analysis","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mark. Theory"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, W.C., and Mauborgne, R. (2017). Blue Ocean Shift: Beyond Competing-Proven Steps to Inspire Confidence and Seize New Growth, Hachette.","DOI":"10.15358\/9783800656622-1"},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"237","article-title":"Power plays: How social movements and collective action create new organizational forms","volume":"22","author":"Rao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.1090.0522","article-title":"Bridging institutional entrepreneurship and the creation of new organizational forms: A multilevel model","volume":"22","author":"Tracey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Organ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2307\/41166445","article-title":"Service-logic innovations: How to innovate customers, not products","volume":"50","author":"Michel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Calif. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawrence, T.B., Suddaby, R., and Leca, B. (2009). Institutional Work: Actors and Agency in Institutional Studies of Organizations, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511596605"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2017.10.037","article-title":"The impact of digitalization on the future of control and operations","volume":"114","author":"Isaksson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_93","unstructured":"Normann, R. (2001). Reframing Business: When the Map Changes the Landscape, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5908","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2013.810349","article-title":"A sustainability-oriented multi-dimensional value assessment model for product-service development","volume":"51","author":"Xing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2013.02.022","article-title":"Failure diagnosis using deep belief learning based health state classification","volume":"115","author":"Tamilselvan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf."},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"531","article-title":"Remanufacturing with upgrade PSS for new sustainable business models","volume":"47","author":"Copani","year":"2018","journal-title":"CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840607078115","article-title":"Overcoming inaction through collective institutional entrepreneurship: Insights from regime theory","volume":"28","author":"Wijen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Organ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2307\/3069284","article-title":"Institutional theory and institutional change: Introduction to the special research forum","volume":"45","author":"Goodstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1998.926617","article-title":"Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust","volume":"23","author":"Rousseau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026210608769","article-title":"Corporate governance and new organizational forms: Issues of double and multiple agency","volume":"7","author":"Child","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Manag. Gov."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-04-2019-0263","article-title":"Stakeholders\u2019 involvement in establishing sustainable business models: The case of Polish dairy cooperatives","volume":"122","author":"Fiore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br\u00edTish Food J."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shams, S., Vrontis, D., Weber, Y., Tsoukatos, E., and Galati, A. (2019). Stakeholder Engagement for A Sustainable Development of Business Models, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429265518"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1108\/EMJB-06-2019-0077","article-title":"Stakeholder engagement toward value co-creation in the F&B packaging industry","volume":"15","author":"Giacomarra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Euromed J. Bus."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.22215\/timreview\/1222","article-title":"The SDG-Check: Guiding Open Innovation towards Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"9","author":"Piwowar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technol. Innov. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Institutional change: A theoretical approach","volume":"30","author":"Wegerich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Occas. Pap."}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/13\/1\/216\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:47:10Z","timestamp":1760179630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/13\/1\/216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["su13010216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su13010216","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]}}}