{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:05:04Z","timestamp":1783112704367,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and Innovation programme","award":["773297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["773297"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The EU\u2019s 2018 Bioeconomy Strategy Update and the European Green Deal recently confirmed that the bioeconomy is high on the political agenda in Europe. Here, we propose a conceptual analysis framework for quantifying and analyzing the development of the EU bioeconomy. The bioeconomy has several related concepts (e.g., bio-based economy, green economy, and circular economy) and there are clear synergies between these concepts, especially between the bioeconomy and circular economy concepts. Analyzing the driving factors provides important information for monitoring activities. We first derive the scope of the bioeconomy framework in terms of bioeconomy sectors and products to be involved, the needed geographical coverage and resolution, and time period. Furthermore, we outline a set of indicators linked to the objectives of the EU\u2019s bioeconomy strategy. In our framework, measuring developments will, in particular, focus on the bio-based sectors within the bioeconomy as biomass and food production is already monitored. The selected indicators commit to the EU Bioeconomy Strategy objectives and conform with findings from previous studies and stakeholder consultation. Additionally, several new indicators have been suggested and they are related to measuring the impact of changes in supply, demand drivers, resource availability, and policies on sustainability goals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su13010413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T21:18:57Z","timestamp":1609881537000},"page":"413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":258,"title":["Development of the Circular Bioeconomy: Drivers and Indicators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4503-2519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Kardung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Wageningen University, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8440-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kutay","family":"Cingiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Wageningen University, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ortwin","family":"Costenoble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Netherlands Standardization Institute, 2623 AX Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel","family":"Delahaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Netherlands, 2492 JP The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Heijman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Wageningen University, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7729-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Lovri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Forest Institute, 80100 Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1902-4531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myrna","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, 2595 BM The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"M\u2019Barek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 41092 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2455-6869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"van Meijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Wageningen University, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, 2595 BM The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Piotrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"nova-Institute GmbH, 50354 H\u00fcrth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8554-627X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e9v\u00e9cia","family":"Ronzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Wageningen University, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 41092 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TUM School of Life Sciences, Production and Resource Economics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Verhoog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, 2595 BM The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5322-8007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter Johannes","family":"Verkerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Forest Institute, 80100 Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5573-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Vrachioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TUM School of Life Sciences, Production and Resource Economics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6009-8543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justus H. 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