{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T06:39:16Z","timestamp":1781678356920,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"project of the Center for Collaborative Development and Innovation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Hebei University of Economics and Business","award":["JXT2020ZD05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXT2020ZD05"]}]},{"name":"project of the Center for Collaborative Development and Innovation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Hebei University of Economics and Business","award":["C20220124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C20220124"]}]},{"name":"project of the Hebei Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security for the Introduction of Overseas Study Talents","award":["JXT2020ZD05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXT2020ZD05"]}]},{"name":"project of the Hebei Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security for the Introduction of Overseas Study Talents","award":["C20220124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C20220124"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study explores the double-edged sword effect of FWAs on employee innovation performance based on the Demand\u2013Resource\u2013Individual Effect (DRIVE) model. A total of 411 valid questionnaires from knowledge-based employees were collected in three stages through a survey of technology-based companies in China. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 22 software, and multi-level linear model analysis was conducted to test the double mediating effect of psychological empowerment and role ambiguity and the moderating effect of role breadth self-efficacy. This study found that, in terms of the job demand path, flexible work arrangements (FWAs) increased employees\u2019 role ambiguity, which in turn decreased their innovation performance; in terms of the job resource path, FWAs increased employees\u2019 psychological empowerment, which in turn increased their innovation performance. From the perspective of individual differences, under the flexible work system, employees with high role breadth self-efficacy can enhance their psychological empowerment and reduce role ambiguity, thus promoting their innovation performance. This study is the first to analyze the \u201cdouble-edged sword\u201d effect of FWAs on employee innovation performance based on the DRIVE model, which effectively extends the moderating variable of role breadth self-efficacy in the model and helps to understand the impact of different types of FWAs on employee innovation performance. In addition, this study provides a reference for technology-based companies to strengthen their digital capabilities and regulation of FWAs, which is conducive to achieving sustainable business development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su151310159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T01:42:02Z","timestamp":1687830122000},"page":"10159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Double-Edged Sword Effect of Flexible Work Arrangements on Employee Innovation Performance: From the Demands\u2013Resources\u2013Individual Effects Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Liyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Organizational Behavior and Human Resources Development, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0907-4559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law and Humanities, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11846-021-00511-7","article-title":"Lessons from family firms: The use of flexible work arrangements and its consequences","volume":"17","author":"Stamm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. 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