{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T17:41:53Z","timestamp":1779903713333,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20BSH089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20BSH089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Agriculture-oriented rural areas represent one of the forms of specialized agricultural practices and economic development. Public spaces serve as critical carriers within the rural spatial system. Rural public spaces are divided into two forms: explicit spaces and implicit spaces. The interaction between these forms significantly influences the morphological evolution of rural public spaces. This study takes the ancient village cluster in Anyi, Nanchang City, China as a case study. By collecting POI (Point of Interest) data and conducting surveys on visitors\u2019 landscape preferences, it employs a life circle spatial division method and the VEISD (Village Evaluation Indicators for Sustainable Development) entropy model to evaluate the sustainability benefits of rural public spaces. Based on the evaluation results, the study proposes a control and guidance method for public spaces under self-organization theory. This method leverages the interference effects of explicit rural public spaces on implicit spaces to optimize rural public spaces. The study focuses on the planning and renovation of public space nodes in Luotian Village. By adjusting the sub-indicator \u201cVillage Public Environment Construction D22\u201d, it validates the scientific robustness of the systems analysis theory and the VEISD framework. By adjusting the spatial layout and attributes of a critical spatial node\u2014the Ancient Camphor Tree Square in Luotian Village\u2014within rural public space planning, the study advances the guidance and control of public spaces during the self-organization evolution of rural areas. It enhances the openness of spatial forms and the functional integration of public space nodes. The results demonstrate that this method can analyze the vitality characteristics of factors within subsystems through the layout and indicator system of rural public spaces. It also validates the findings via correlation tests with the demands for POI and landscape preferences, ultimately constructing the VEISD framework for rural public spaces. This research provides theoretical support for optimizing the resource transformation and utilization of rural public spaces, offering a reference model for the sustainable development of rural areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su17031019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T03:54:27Z","timestamp":1737950067000},"page":"1019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sustainability Benefit Evaluation and Optimization of Rural Public Spaces Under Self-Organization Theory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhixiu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Architecture and Design College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shixi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Architecture and Design College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Architecture and Design College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9800-4880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangyang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Architecture and Design College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianchuan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Architecture and Design College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., Liu, B., Song, W., and Yu, H. (2023). The Relationship between Rural Sustainability and Land Use: A Bibliometric Review. Land, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/land12081617"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Evolutionary Characteristics and Driving Mechanisms of Traditional Rural Spaces in Ancient Huizhou","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2024.111541","article-title":"How Does Energy Utilization Affect Rural Sustainability Development in Traditional Villages? Re-Examination from the Coupling Coordination Degree of Atmosphere-Ecology-Socioeconomics System","volume":"257","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Zeng, G. (1996). Self-Organized View of Nature, Peking University Press."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hua, H., Sun, J., and Yang, Z. (2024). Rural Self-Organizing Resilience: Village Collective Strategies and Negotiation Paths in Urbanization Process in the Tpsnt Framework: A Case Study of the Hongren Village, China. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16125202"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2020.03.003","article-title":"Ethical Leadership in Sustainable Organizations: The Moderating Role of General Self-Efficacy and the Mediating Role of Organizational Trust","volume":"22","author":"Ilyas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consum."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Pan, Q., Han, Z., and Chen, J. (2021). The Staged Development of Rural America and Its Implications for China\u2019s Rural Revitalization. World Agric."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-024-03129-8","article-title":"The Influence of Rural Tourism Landscape Perception on Tourists\u2019 Revisit Intentions\u2014A Case Study in Nangou Village, China","volume":"11","author":"Kou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Humanit. Soc. Sci. Commun."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmoud, I.H. (2022). Public Spaces and Placemaking Approach: The Implementation Strategies. Placemaking for Green Urban Regeneration, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15408-9_2"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-023-01610-4","article-title":"The Benefits of Tourism for Rural Community Development","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Humanit. Soc. Sci. Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Qian, Y., and Chen, S. (2024). Research on Publicness Evaluation and Behavioral Characteristics in Traditional Villages\u2014A Case Study of Chongqing Hewan Village. Buildings, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings14061759"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Lu, J. (2009). Regionality of Architecture in the Context of Spontaneous Construction. Archit. J., 49\u201354."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-023-02407-1","article-title":"Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Traditional Villages in Fujian Province, China","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Humanit. Soc. Sci. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2020.104531","article-title":"Rural Decline or Restructuring? Implications for Sustainability Transitions in Rural China","volume":"94","author":"Zang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2024.06.003","article-title":"Social Network Dynamics in Rural Public Spaces of Multi-Ethnic Settlements: A Case Study from Tongren, China","volume":"102","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"921","article-title":"Construction and Empirical Study of the Sustainable Development Evaluation System for Traditional Villages in China","volume":"76","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106512","article-title":"Coupling Coordination Analysis of Rural Production-Living-Ecological Space in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region","volume":"117","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4081\/jae.2017.643","article-title":"Valorisation of Vernacular Farm Buildings for the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism in Mountain Areas of the Adriatic-Ionian Macro-Region","volume":"48","author":"Statuto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Eng."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"578","article-title":"Progress in Urban-Rural Relationship Research and Its Implications for Rural Revitalization","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Locality and Adaptability of the Human Settlements Environment in the Yellow River Basin: Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyers, R.A. (2009). Self-Organizing Systemsself-Organizing Systems. Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-30440-3"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"90","article-title":"From Discipline Construction to Discipline Governance: An Examination Based on Loose Coupling Theory","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. East China Norm. Univ. (Educ. Sci.)"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Wu, T. (2001). Research on Self-Organization Methodology, Tsinghua University Press."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"19","article-title":"Research on the Self-Organization Methodology of Dissipative Structure Theory","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Dialectics"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research on the Protection and Activation of Traditional Villages Based on the Perspective of Self-Organization Theory\u2014Taking Kegeyi Village as an Example","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Access Libr. J."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Xu, X. (2020). Rural Industry Adaptation Design and Practical Exploration under the Background of Rural Revitalization: A Case Study of Qianji Village, Banzhuang Town, Lianyungang. J. West. Hum. Settl., 35."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"122","article-title":"Responding to Urban Informality: Urban Governance Innovation in Urban Renewal","volume":"34","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plnner"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2019.10.013","article-title":"Characterising the Hierarchical Structure of Urban-Rural System at County Level Using a Method Based on Interconnection Analysis","volume":"93","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Rural. Stud."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Deng, W., Hu, H.Y., Yang, R.X., and He, Y. (2019). Dual Construction Characteristics of Traditional Rural Settlements and Implications for Protection. Urban Plan. Forum, 101\u2013106."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, S., Liu, C., and Zeng, Y. (2024). Quality Evaluation of Public Spaces in Traditional Villages: A Study Using Deep Learning and Panoramic Images. Land, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/land13101584"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"32","article-title":"A Review of Rural Public Space Research from a Multidisciplinary Perspective","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. Small Cities Towns"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Jiang, M. (2015). Research on the Guidance and Control of Contemporary Village Public Spaces from the Perspective of Self-Organization Theory. [Ph.D. Thesis, Hunan University]."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, X., Herman, S.S.B., Salih, S.A., and Ismail, S.B. (2024). Sustainable Characteristics of Traditional Villages: A Systematic Literature Review Based on the Four-Pillar Theory of Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su162310352"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanarella, E.L.R. (2011). The Success of Success: The Chinese Village as Catalyst of Future Chinese Sustainable Cities. The City as Fulcrum of Global Sustainability, Anthem Press.","DOI":"10.7135\/UPO9780857284006.013"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Chen, B. (2002). Research on the Sustainable Development of Human Settlements in Suburban Small Towns of Shanghai. Urban Plan. J., 19\u201322."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Peng, Z. (2004). Research Framework and Case Studies on Sustainable Rural Development. Urban Plan. J., 8\u201311."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"1829","article-title":"Coupling Mechanism and Path Analysis of Rural Space Reconstruction and Land Use Transformation","volume":"37","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"100801","article-title":"Does Rural Tourism Revitalize the Countryside? An Exploration of the Spatial Reconstruction through the Lens of Cultural Connotations of Rurality","volume":"29","author":"Dai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Destin. Mark. Manag."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2024.103238","article-title":"Cultural Tourism and Rural Community Resilience: A Framework and Its Application","volume":"107","author":"Gocer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Rural. Stud."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Peng, B. (2022). Research on the Visual Quality Assessment of Traditional Rural Landscapes Based on Eye Movement Analysis. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Jiangxi Agricultural University]."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2022.104053","article-title":"Revealing Urban Vibrancy Stability Based on Human Activity Time-Series","volume":"85","author":"Ouyang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104875","article-title":"Measuring Compliance with the 15-Min City Concept: State-of-the-Art, Major Components and Further Requirements","volume":"99","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2020.103898","article-title":"Supply and Demand Assessment of Urban Recreation Service and Its Implication for Greenspace Planning-a Case Study on Guangzhou","volume":"203","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10588-016-9224-2","article-title":"Self-Organization and Social Science","volume":"23","author":"Anzola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Organ. Theory"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2018.12.005","article-title":"Quantifying Nature-Based Tourism in Protected Areas in Developing Countries by Using Social Big Data","volume":"72","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"619","article-title":"Study on the Order of Rural Production Space Systems Based on the Dissipative Structure System Entropy Model","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8980","DOI":"10.3390\/su6128980","article-title":"An Entropy-Perspective Study on the Sustainable Development Potential of Tourism Destination Ecosystem in Dunhuang, China","volume":"6","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, L., and Sima, L. (2022). Analysis of Outdoor Activity Space-Use Preferences in Rural Communities: An Example from Puxiu and Yuanyi Village in Shanghai. Land, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/land11081273"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2021.103487","article-title":"Spatial Social Interaction: An Explanatory Framework of Urban Space Vitality and Its Preliminary Verification","volume":"121","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2018.04.021","article-title":"Spatially Explicit Assessment on Urban Vitality: Case Studies in Chicago and Wuhan","volume":"40","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.03.011","article-title":"Mapping Recreation as an Ecosystem Service: Considering Scale, Interregional Differences and the Influence of Physical Attributes","volume":"175","author":"Scholte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2023.104903","article-title":"Understanding Recreational Ecosystem Service Supply-Demand Mismatch and Social Groups\u2019 Preferences: Implications for Urban\u2013Rural Planning","volume":"241","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2017.05.007","article-title":"Built Environment and Active Commuting: Rural-Urban Differences in the U.S","volume":"3","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"SSM-Popul. Health"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2020.05.008","article-title":"Investigating Mobility in Rural Areas of China: Features, Equity, and Factors","volume":"94","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transp. Policy"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tbs.2025.100983","article-title":"Assessing the Impact of Walkability Indicators on Health Outcomes Using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Case Study of Michigan","volume":"39","author":"Wedyan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Travel Behav. Soc."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2021.12.049","article-title":"Urban Accessibility in a 15-Min City: A Measure in the City of Naples, Italy","volume":"60","author":"Gaglione","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Procedia"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2022.103521","article-title":"The 15-Min City for All?\u2014Measuring Individual and Temporal Variations in Walking Accessibility","volume":"106","author":"Willberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbieri, L., D\u2019Autilia, R., Marrone, P., and Montella, I. (2023). Graph Representation of the 15-Min City: A Comparison between Rome, London, and Paris. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15043772"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"2726","article-title":"A Data-Driven Complex Network Approach for Planning Sustainable and Inclusive Urban Mobility Hubs and Services","volume":"48","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B-Urban"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2022.103924","article-title":"The X-Minute City: Measuring the 10, 15, 20-Min City and an Evaluation of Its Use for Sustainable Urban Design","volume":"131","author":"Logan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"897","article-title":"Evaluating Urban Accessibility: Leveraging Open-Source Data and Analytics to Overcome Existing Limitations","volume":"46","author":"Logan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B-Urban"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142951","article-title":"Effective or Useless? Assessing the Impact of Park Entrance Addition Policy on Green Space Services from the 15-Min City Perspective","volume":"467","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2020.104609","article-title":"Tourism-Driven Rural Spatial Restructuring in the Metropolitan Fringe: An Empirical Observation","volume":"95","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"29","article-title":"Characteristics of Living Spaces for Residents in Hollow Villages and Their Optimization and Reconstruction: A Survey of Eight Villages in Dengzhou, Henan","volume":"31","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"120","article-title":"Research on Public Management Issues in the Development of Ancient Village Tourism","volume":"25","author":"Shao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Jiang, M., and Hu, W. (2019). The Composition and Contemporary Evolution of the Public Space System in Traditional Villages: A Case Study of Banliang Village. Des. Community, 49\u201354."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2016.07.007","article-title":"Restructuring Rural Settlements Based on an Analysis of Inter-Village Social Connections: A Case in Hubei Province, Central China","volume":"57","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Habitat. Int."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., and Li, J. (2024). Study on the Spatial Arrangement of Urban Parkland under the Perspective of Equity\u2014Taking Harbin Main City as an Example. Land, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/land13020248"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2023.103649","article-title":"Role of Rural Built Environment in Travel Mode Choice: Evidence from China","volume":"117","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transp. Res. D-Tr. E"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities4010006","article-title":"Introducing the \u201c15-Min City\u201d: Sustainability, Resilience and Place Identity in Future Post-Pandemic Cities","volume":"4","author":"Moreno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Smart Cities"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2024.102649","article-title":"Investigating the Spatial Distribution Mechanisms of Traditional Villages from the Human Geography Region: A Case Study of Jiangnan, China","volume":"81","author":"Bi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Inform."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"76","article-title":"Analysis and Optimization of the Network Structure Characteristics of Rural Public Spaces: A Case Study of Chenwangsan Village in Qinhan New City","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Small Cities Towns"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.136088","article-title":"Rural System Sustainability Evaluation Based on Emergy Analysis: An Empirical Study of 321 Villages in China","volume":"389","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Zha, Q., and Li, X. (2006). Application of the Entropy Method in Evaluating the Level of Urban Sustainable Development. J. Jiangsu Univ. (Soc. Sci. Ed.), 88\u201392."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2024.105284","article-title":"A Novel Entropy-Based Method for Quantifying Urban Energy Demand Aggregation: Implications for Urban Planning and Policy","volume":"103","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L. (2011). Research on the Sustainable Development of Rural Systems and Its Comprehensive Evaluation Methods. [Ph.D. Thesis, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology].","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.224.137"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"677","article-title":"Evolution and Driving Mechanisms of Traditional Rural Living Environments Based on the \u2018Three Lives\u2019 Space: A Case Study of Lanxi Village in Jiangyong County, Hunan","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Bian, W., and Huang, D. (2021). Study on the Color Characteristics and Conservation Renewal of Traditional Northern Jiangxi Villages: A Case Study of Luotian Village in Jiangxi Province. Mod. Urban Res., 8\u201315."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Liang, T. (2021). Research on the Protection and Revitalization of Traditional Rural Landscapes with the Participation of Multiple Stakeholders. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Beijing Forestry University]."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xi, X., Xu, H., Zhao, Q., and Zhao, G. (2021). Making Rural Micro-Regeneration Strategies Based on Resident Perceptions and Preferences for Traditional Village Conservation and Development: The Case of Huangshan Village, China. Land, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/land10070718"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeh, T.-M., Pai, F.-Y., and Jeng, M.-Y. (2019). The Factors Affecting Older Adults\u2019 Intention toward Ongoing Participation in Virtual Reality Leisure Activities. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16030333"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127363","article-title":"Exploring the Interactive Influence on Landscape Preference from Multiple Visual Attributes: Openness, Richness, Order, and Depth","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2018.05.019","article-title":"Green and Brown Infrastructures Support a Landscape-Level Implementation of Ecological Engineering","volume":"120","author":"Mander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2022.127751","article-title":"Visitors? Heterogeneous Preferences for Urban Park Management: The Case of a City Park in Oulu, Finland","volume":"77","author":"Mantymaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urban. For. Urban Green."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2023.103629","article-title":"Moving the 15-Min City Beyond the Urban Core: The Role of Accessibility and Public Transport in the Netherlands","volume":"110","author":"Poorthuis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2016.07.002","article-title":"Rural Settlement Restructuring Based on Analysis of the Peasant Household Symbiotic System at Village Level: A Case Study of Fengsi Village in Chongqing, China","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Rural. Stud."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, Q., Pi, H., Xu, T., and Li, L. (2024). Exploring the Relationship between Regional Tourism Development and Land Use Efficiency: A Case Study of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297196"}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/17\/3\/1019\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:36:50Z","timestamp":1759919810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/17\/3\/1019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["su17031019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su17031019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]]}}}