{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:28:52Z","timestamp":1792625332864,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]],"date-time":"2015-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, many firms have come to understand that innovation is an important issue in sustainable business management, as it helps improve firm capabilities and competencies. Because of the fiercely competitive environment in the hotel industry, innovation has become a critical factor in the process of hotel differentiation, leading to sustainable business success. However, the literature has not thoroughly examined the role of innovation or the hierarchical structure of the capabilities and competencies in sustainable business management. This study adopts interval-valued triangular fuzzy numbers and grey relational analysis to provide a competitive priority ranking for the aspects and criteria that assist firms in decision-making. The study results indicate that innovation in technology capabilities and networking and social capabilities\u2014in addition to competencies in systemic thinking\u2014are the most important aspects of sustainable business management. In particular, this study indicates that to succeed in building a sustainable business in the hotel industry, firms should upgrade and integrate their business technologies, collaborate with actors inside and outside the firm, build trust as well as a shared vision that includes common agreement, and develop competencies in inventive thinking to support innovation and foster changes in strategy, structure, administrative procedures, and systems when necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su71013726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]],"date-time":"2015-10-14T02:36:30Z","timestamp":1444790190000},"page":"13726-13760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Understanding Innovation for Sustainable Business Management Capabilities and Competencies under Uncertainty"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kuo-Jui","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Jong","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Lang","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology,  No. 300, Sec. 1, Wanshou Road, Taoyuan County 33306, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Jay","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology,  No. 300, Sec. 1, Wanshou Road, Taoyuan County 33306, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1080\/02642060701882080","article-title":"Configuration of innovation and performance in the service industry: Evidence from the Taiwanese hotel industry","volume":"28","author":"Tseng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Serv. Ind. J."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"The changing structure of the Chinese hotel industry: 1980\u20132012","volume":"4","author":"Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tour. Manag. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"7","article-title":"Antecedents of innovation activities in tourism: An empirical investigation of the Alpine hospitality industry","volume":"61","author":"Grissemann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tourism"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jibs.8400259","article-title":"The effects of customer and competitor orientations on performance in global markets: A contingency analysis","volume":"38","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Int. Bus. Stud."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670509338619","article-title":"Service delivery innovation: Antecedents and impact on firm performance","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Serv. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1142\/S136391960000024X","article-title":"Knowledge-intensive business services as co-producers of innovation","volume":"4","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Manag."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2011.01.015","article-title":"Competitive advantage though service differentiation by manufacturing companies","volume":"64","author":"Gebauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8551.2009.00628.x","article-title":"An integration of research findings of effects of firm size and market competition on product and process innovations","volume":"21","author":"Damanpour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2009.08.012","article-title":"A review of innovation research in tourism","volume":"31","author":"Hjalager","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1142\/S1363919612003873","article-title":"Learning orientation, innovativeness and financial performance in traditional manufacturing firms: A higher-order structural equation model","volume":"16","author":"Nybakk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Manag."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2009.04.008","article-title":"Drivers of innovativeness and performance for innovative SMEs in South Korea: Mediation of learning orientation","volume":"30","author":"Rhee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1108\/14691931111097890","article-title":"Organizational Knowledge Assets and Innovation Capability: Evidence from Spanish Manufacturing Firms","volume":"12","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Intell. Cap."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the leading edge of innovation: A comparative study of innovation practices","volume":"29","author":"Harper","year":"2004","journal-title":"South. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/muq043","article-title":"Management innovation and organizational performance: The mediating effect of performance management","volume":"21","author":"Walker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Public Adm. Res. Theory"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199912)20:12<1133::AID-SMJ74>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Bridging ties: A source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities","volume":"20","author":"McEvily","year":"2003","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Dynamic capabilities and strategic management","volume":"18","author":"Teece","year":"1997","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-6248.2005.00028.x","article-title":"Entrepreneurial risk taking in family firms","volume":"18","author":"Zahra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fam. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.92.4.909","article-title":"Trust, trustworthiness, and trust propensity: A meta-analytic test of their unique relationships with risk-taking and job performance","volume":"92","author":"Colquitt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/jeg\/lbq010","article-title":"Clusters and entrepreneurship","volume":"10","author":"Delgado","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2007.04.002","article-title":"Innovation behavior in the hotel industry","volume":"37","author":"Mattsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2005.06.002","article-title":"Developing capabilities and competencies for sustainable business management as innovation: A research agenda","volume":"15","author":"Room","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2011.10.012","article-title":"Capabilities, innovation and competitive advantage","volume":"40","author":"Weerawardena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ind. Mark. Manag."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2009.05.002","article-title":"The role of social networks in natural resource governance: What relationship patterns make a difference?","volume":"19","author":"Bodin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2011.10.009","article-title":"Improving performance of green innovation practices in uncertainty","volume":"40","author":"Tseng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1080\/14783363.2013.850812","article-title":"A business process management capabilities perspective on organization performance","volume":"25","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Total Qual. Manag. Bus. Excell."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2007.12.002","article-title":"The use of grey relational analysis in solving multiple attribute decision-making problems","volume":"55","author":"Kuo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.05.020","article-title":"Using linguistic preferences and grey relational analysis to evaluate the environmental knowledge management capacity","volume":"37","author":"Tseng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onsel, S., Ulengin, F., and Kaba, O. (2008, January 28\u201330). A cluster-based approach for the innovation assessment of countries. Proceedings of the Engineering Management Conference, Estoril, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMCE.2008.4617980"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1108\/14601060510610207","article-title":"Corporate entrepreneurship and innovation part 1: The missing link","volume":"8","author":"McFadzean","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Innov."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1108\/01443570710750268","article-title":"Innovation types and innovation management practices in service companies","volume":"7","author":"Oke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Edquist, C. (1997). Systems of Innovation\u2014Technologies, Institutions and Organizations, Pinter Publishers\/Cassell Academic."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920910944795","article-title":"Systemic knowledge processes, innovation and sustainable competitive advantages","volume":"38","author":"Johannesen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2009.11.002","article-title":"Innovation investments, market engagement and financial performance: A study among Australian manufacturing SMEs","volume":"39","author":"Liao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Van de Ven, A., and Engleman, R. (2007). Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth 7, Emerald Group Publishing."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.01.043","article-title":"Key elements for implementing a strategic sustainability perspective in the product innovation process","volume":"51","author":"Hallstedt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1142\/S1363919609002479","article-title":"Sustainability innovation cube\u2014A framework to evaluate sustainability-oriented innovations","volume":"13","author":"Hansen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Manag."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.682","article-title":"Sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainability innovation: Categories and interactions","volume":"20","author":"Schaltegger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.442","article-title":"Conceptualizing and measuring capabilities: Methodology and empirical application","volume":"26","author":"Dutta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.2010.01207.x","article-title":"Doing Competencies Well: Best Practices in Competency Modelling","volume":"64","author":"Campion","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Leblanc, R., and James, G. (2010). Inside the Boardroom: How Boards Really Work and the Coming Revolution in Corporate Governance, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"117","article-title":"Confounded by Competencies? An Evaluation of the Evolution and Use of Competency Models","volume":"34","author":"Markus","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"142","article-title":"What Competencies Should Directors Possess? Malaysia Perspective","volume":"7","author":"Yusoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accinf.2011.07.001","article-title":"Role of IT executives in the firm\u2019s ability to achieve competitive advantage through IT capability","volume":"13","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Account. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nobre, F.S., Walker, D., and Harris, R.J. (2012). Technological, Managerial and Organizational Core Competencies: Dynamic Innovation and Sustainable Development, IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-61350-165-8"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2012.04.023","article-title":"Managing stakeholder relations when developing sustainable business models: The case of the Brazilian energy sector","volume":"45","author":"Matos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2011.04.009","article-title":"The role of environmental management in sustainable business development: A multi-country investigation","volume":"140","author":"Schoenherr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2014.09.030","article-title":"Exploring decisive factors in green supply practices under uncertainty","volume":"159","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction to grey system theory","volume":"1","author":"Deng","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Grey Syst."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.11.046","article-title":"Practical expert diagnosis model based on the grey relational analysis technique","volume":"36","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2010.01.003","article-title":"GRA method for multiple attribute decision making with incomplete weight information in intuitionistic fuzzy setting","volume":"23","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Knowl. Based Syst."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2011.01.003","article-title":"Systems thinking in innovation project management: A match that works","volume":"29","author":"Kapsali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Proj. Manag."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.07.006","article-title":"Multiple driver distractions: A systemic transport problem","volume":"74","author":"Lansdown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2009.03.002","article-title":"Project conceptualization using pragmatic methods","volume":"27","author":"Joham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Proj. Manag."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1108\/17515630710684646","article-title":"Synthetic (integrative) project management, an idea whose time has come","volume":"8","author":"Pourdehnad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Ser."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2012.04.011","article-title":"Road transport in drift? Applying contemporary systems thinking to road safety","volume":"50","author":"Salmon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Kline, N. (2015). More Time to Think: The Power of Independent Thinking, Octopus."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Brodin, E.M. (2014). Studies in Higher Education, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Levine, M. (2012). A Mind at a Time: How Every Child Can Succeed?, Simon & Schuster."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000208","article-title":"Attracting Girls to Civil Engineering through Hands-on Activities that Reveal the Communal Goals and Values of the Profession","volume":"13","author":"Colvin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Leadersh. Manag. Eng."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2012.03.001","article-title":"How do established firms improve radical innovation performance? The organizational capabilities view","volume":"32","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erzurumlu, S.S., and Erzurumlu, Y.O. (2014). Sustainable mining development with community using design thinking and multi-criteria decision analysis. Resour. Policy.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2014.10.001"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2009.06.001","article-title":"Managing sustainability with the support of business intelligence: Integrating socio-environmental indicators and organisational context","volume":"18","author":"Petrini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Strateg. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2013.07.008","article-title":"Learning in action: Developing safety improvement capabilities through action learning","volume":"34","author":"Christiansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2008.05.001","article-title":"Developing the selection and valuation capabilities through learning: The case of corporate venture capital","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ventur."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2014.09.002","article-title":"How social exclusion distorts social network perceptions?","volume":"40","author":"Gladstone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2006.01.002","article-title":"Technological capability, social capital and the launch strategy for innovative products","volume":"36","author":"Hsieh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ind. Mark. Manag."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(02)00082-3","article-title":"Internal factors determining a firm\u2019s innovative behavior","volume":"32","author":"Galende","year":"2003","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1108\/JMTM-12-2012-0117","article-title":"The impact of innovation capability on the performance of manufacturing companies: The Greek case","volume":"26","author":"Kafetzopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Technol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1108\/09696470510611384","article-title":"Social networking on the semantic web","volume":"12","author":"Finin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Learn. Organ."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2014.05.004","article-title":"A cross-cultural comparison of the network capability development of entrepreneurial firms","volume":"43","author":"McGrath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind. Mark. Manag."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.323","article-title":"Beyond the business case for corporate sustainability","volume":"11","author":"Dyllick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.510","article-title":"Can businesses move beyond efficiency? The shift toward effectiveness and equity in the corporate sustainability debate","volume":"15","author":"Young","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"European Commission (2001). Report of the Expert Group on Competitive and Sustainable Production & Related Service Industries in Europe in the Period to 2020, European Commission. EUR19880."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2014.08.002","article-title":"Getting support in polarized societies: Income, social networks, and socioeconomic context","volume":"49","author":"Letki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6911(82)80025-X","article-title":"Control problems of grey systems","volume":"1","author":"Deng","year":"1982","journal-title":"Syst. Control Lett."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2011.08.008","article-title":"An extended GRA method for MCDM with interval-valued triangular fuzzy assessments and unknown weights","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2008.04.006","article-title":"Fractional programming methodology for multi-attribute group decision-making using IFS","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"World Tourism Organization UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014. Available online: http:\/\/mkt.unwto.org\/publication\/unwto-tourism-highlights-2014-edition."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2012.10.005","article-title":"Enhancing business performance of hotels: The role of innovation and customer orientation","volume":"33","author":"Grissemann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-5885.1540304","article-title":"Discontinuous innovation and the new product development process","volume":"15","author":"Veryzer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Prod. Innov. Manag."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"455","article-title":"Consumers\u2019 expectation of innovation: Shift retail strategies for more attractive points of sale","volume":"16","author":"Pantano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Digit. Content Technol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/emre.12005","article-title":"The influence of product market competition on technological and management innovation: Firm-level evidence from a large scale survey","volume":"10","author":"Hecker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2008.34421969","article-title":"Management innovation","volume":"33","author":"Birkinshaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/emre.12007","article-title":"Management innovation: Management as fertile ground for innovation","volume":"10","author":"Volberda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1108\/14720700910984972","article-title":"Leadership of organizational change toward an integrated model of leadership for corporate responsibility and sustainable development: A process model of corporate responsibility beyond management innovation","volume":"9","author":"Roome","year":"2009","journal-title":"Corp. Govern."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"72","article-title":"The why, what and how of management innovation","volume":"84","author":"Hamel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2009.04.018","article-title":"Which companies should implement management innovation? A commentary essay","volume":"63","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2013.10.016","article-title":"Engaging Australian small-scale lifestyle landowners in natural resource management programmes\u2014Perceptions, past experiences and policy implications","volume":"36","author":"Meadows","year":"2014","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2010.10.006","article-title":"A critical review of a key Waste Strategy initiative in England: Zero Waste Places Projects 2008\u20132009","volume":"55","author":"Phillips","year":"2011","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"7175","article-title":"A planning-oriented sustainability assessment framework for peri-urban water management in developing countries","volume":"47","author":"Starkl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Resour."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2010.04.003","article-title":"Beyond on-site mitigation: An integrated multiscaleapproach to environmental mitigation and stewardship for transportation projects","volume":"96","author":"Weber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lands. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0836(199909\/10)8:5<296::AID-BSE212>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Sustainable business: Learning-action networks as organizational assets","volume":"8","author":"Clarke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2003.07.003","article-title":"R&D cooperation and innovation activities of firms\u2014Evidence for the German manufacturing industry","volume":"33","author":"Becker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2006.10.001","article-title":"The importance of diverse collaboration networks for the novelty of product innovation","volume":"27","author":"Nieto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.290","article-title":"Firms\u2019 knowledge-sharing strategies in the global innovation system: Empirical evidence from the flat panel display industry","volume":"24","author":"Spencer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-5915.02326","article-title":"The role of existing knowledge in new product innovativeness and performance","volume":"32","author":"Brockmand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Decis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.337","article-title":"IT competency and firm performance: Is organizational learning a missing link?","volume":"24","author":"Tippins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6486.t01-1-00299","article-title":"Managing organizational learning systems by aligning stocks and flows","volume":"39","author":"Bontis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Manag. Stud."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/0018726702554003","article-title":"Network learning: Exploring learning by interorganizational networks","volume":"55","author":"Knight","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Relat."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"43","article-title":"Learning from the competition","volume":"177","author":"Linn","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Account."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(01)00172-X","article-title":"Who co-operate for innovation, and why: An empirical analysis","volume":"31","author":"Tether","year":"2002","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1049\/et.2012.0512","article-title":"Shops offer the e-tail experience","volume":"7","author":"Bodhani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"62","article-title":"Perceptions of innovativeness among Iranian hotel managers","volume":"5","author":"Tajeddini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Tour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2012.07.007","article-title":"Business models for sustainable innovation: State-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda","volume":"45","author":"Boons","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2015.06.007","article-title":"Exploring the antecedents of effectiveness and efficiency","volume":"49","author":"Tajeddini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/7\/10\/13726\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:49:57Z","timestamp":1760215797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/7\/10\/13726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["su71013726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su71013726","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]}}}