{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T22:13:33Z","timestamp":1782252813063,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Research Council of Norway","award":["244249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["244249"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The notion of the bioeconomy has gained importance in both research and policy debates over the last decade, and is frequently argued to be a key part of the solution to multiple grand challenges. Despite this, there seems to be little consensus concerning what bioeconomy actually implies. Consequently, this paper seeks to enhance our understanding of what the notion of bioeconomy means by exploring the origins, uptake, and contents of the term \u201cbioeconomy\u201d in the academic literature. Firstly, we perform a bibliometric analysis that highlights that the bioeconomy research community is still rather fragmented and distributed across many different fields of science, even if natural and engineering sciences take up the most central role. Secondly, we carry out a literature review that identifies three visions of the bioeconomy. The bio-technology vision emphasises the importance of bio-technology research and application and commercialisation of bio-technology in different sectors of the economy. The bio-resource vision focuses on processing and upgrading of biological raw materials, as well as on the establishment of new value chains. Finally, the bio-ecology vision highlights sustainability and ecological processes that optimise the use of energy and nutrients, promote biodiversity, and avoid monocultures and soil degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su8070691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T09:48:22Z","timestamp":1468921702000},"page":"691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":629,"title":["What Is the Bioeconomy? A Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Bugge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education (NIFU), P.O. Box 2815 T\u00f8yen, Oslo NO-0608, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9383-3471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teis","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education (NIFU), P.O. Box 2815 T\u00f8yen, Oslo NO-0608, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Human Geography, Lund University, S\u00f6lvegatan 10, Lund SE-22362, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Innovation, Research and Competence in the Learning Economy (CIRCLE), Lund University, P.O. Box 117, Lund SE-22100, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3593-8272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antje","family":"Klitkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education (NIFU), P.O. Box 2815 T\u00f8yen, Oslo NO-0608, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lund Declaration (2009). Europe Must Focus on the Grand Challenges of Our Time, Swedish EU Presidency."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/gec3.12231","article-title":"Innovation policy for grand challenges. An economic geography perspective","volume":"9","author":"Coenen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geogr. Compass"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2011.11.008","article-title":"Identifying and unravelling persistent problems","volume":"79","author":"Schuitmaker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Upham, P., Klitkou, A., and Olsen, D.S. (2016). 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