{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T03:20:19Z","timestamp":1792380019015,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Developing a future bioeconomy has become critical for three main reasons: (1) The need for sustainability of resource use; (2) The growing demand for both food and energy; and (3) The need to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation. As Zilberman observes, a transition to bioeconomy \u201cis a continuing evolutionary process of transition from systems of mining non-renewable resources to farming renewable ones\u201d. Hence, to meet the challenges created by a growing dependence on non-renewable resources, radical changes are needed that involve more than development of or changes within the individual bio-based sectors. In line with emerging attention to the bioeconomy in Europe and elsewhere, great expectations towards the bioeconomy have been launched in high level industry and policy fora, as well as in resource-based economies such as Norway's. Grounded in theories of transition and transition management, this paper discusses the Norwegian biosector's expectations regarding a bioeconomy. Analyses are based on empirical survey data from biosector representatives. Findings suggest that there are clear differences between sectors in motivation for a future bioeconomy. A transition into a complete bioeconomy will demand a system shift and more cross-sectoral integration between these regimes than currently exists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su9030341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T11:19:50Z","timestamp":1487935190000},"page":"341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Visions and Expectations for the  Norwegian Bioeconomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lillian","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rural Research, 7049 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"Bj\u00f8rkhaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rural Research, 7049 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bugge, M.M., Hansen, T., and Klitkou, A. (2016). What is the bioeconomy? A review of the literature. Sustainability, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/su8070691"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/agec.12045","article-title":"The global bio-economy","volume":"44","author":"Swinnen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. Econ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2010.12.011","article-title":"Biosecurity and sustainability within the growing global bioeconomy","volume":"3","author":"Sheppard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"The Norwegian Government, Kjente Ressurser\u2014Uante Muligheter Regjeringens Bio\u00f8konomistrategi. Available online: https:\/\/www.regjeringen.no\/contentassets\/32160cf211df4d3c8f3ab794f885d5be\/nfd_biookonomi_strategi_uu.pdf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.3390\/su5062589","article-title":"The bioeconomy in Europe: An overview","volume":"5","author":"McCormick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/agec.12054","article-title":"Technology and the future bioeconomy","volume":"44","author":"Zilberman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. Econ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birch, K. (2016). Emergent imaginaries and fragmented policy frameworks in the Canadian bio-economy. Sustainability, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/su8101007"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise (NHO) (2016). N\u00e6ringslivets Hovedorganisasjon, NHO."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Gr\u00f8nn Konkurransekraft Regjeringens Ekspertutvalg for Gr\u00f8nn Konkurransekraft. Available online: http:\/\/www.gronnkonkurransekraft.no\/files\/2016\/10\/Strategi-for-gr%C3%B8nn-konkurransekraft.pdf."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"European Commission (EC) (2012). Innovating for Sustainable Growth: A Bioeconomy for Europe, European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. Available online: http:\/\/bookshop.europa.eu\/en\/innovating-for-sustainable-growth-pbKI3212262\/."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"EC Bio-Based Economy for Europe: State of Play and Future Potential\u2014Part 1: Report on the European Commission\u2019s Public On-Line Consultation. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/research\/consultations\/bioeconomy\/bio-based-economy-for-europe-part1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.3390\/su5062751","article-title":"Strategies and policies for the bioeconomy and bio-based economy: An analysis of official national approaches","volume":"5","author":"Staffas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"European Commission (EC) Sustainable Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in the Bioeconomy\u2014A Challenge for Europe. Available online: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/research\/scar\/pdf\/feg4-draft-15_may_2015.pdf."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243914552133","article-title":"The bioeconomy as political project:  A polanyian analysis","volume":"40","author":"Goven","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Hum. Values"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.14430\/arctic634","article-title":"Reevaluating the co-management success story","volume":"56","author":"Nadasdy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arctic"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/eet.3320050105","article-title":"The missing dimension in EU environmental technology policy","volume":"5","author":"Murphy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1080\/13549839.2011.579090","article-title":"Constructing sustainable communities: A theoretical exploration of the bio-economy and eco-economy paradigms","volume":"16","author":"Kitchen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Local Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1080\/09644019608414283","article-title":"Ecological modernisation, ecological modernities","volume":"5","author":"Christoff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Politics"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Hajer, M.A. (1995). The Politics of Environmental Discourse: Ecological Modernization and the Policy Process, Clarendon Press."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2005.07.005","article-title":"The governance of sustainable socio-technical transitions","volume":"34","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-04051-160209","article-title":"The politics of reflexive governance: Challenges for designing adaptive management and transition management","volume":"16","author":"Bornemann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1177\/1368431009349830","article-title":"Power in transition: An interdisciplinary framework to study power in relation to structural change","volume":"12","author":"Avelino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soc. Theory"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/09537320600777002","article-title":"The sociology of expectations in science and technology","volume":"18","author":"Borup","year":"2006","journal-title":"Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/0953732032000046024","article-title":"A sociology of expectations: Retrospecting prospects and prospecting retrospects","volume":"15","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2004.11.008","article-title":"Frontiers of futures research: What\u2019s next?","volume":"72","author":"Gordon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-1625(96)00180-1","article-title":"The past and future of constructive technology assessment","volume":"54","author":"Schot","year":"1997","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/09537329808524310","article-title":"Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation: The approach of strategic niche management","volume":"10","author":"Kemp","year":"1998","journal-title":"Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(02)00062-8","article-title":"Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: A multi-level perspective and a case-study","volume":"31","author":"Geels","year":"2002","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2004.01.015","article-title":"From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems","volume":"33","author":"Geels","year":"2004","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Berkhout, F., Smith, A., and Stirling, A. (2004). System Innovation and the Transition to Sustainability: Theory, Evidence and Policy, Edward Elgar."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geels, F.W. (2005). Technological Transitions and System Innovations: A Co-Evolutionary and Socio-Technical Analysis, Edward Elgar Publishing.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781845424596"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trist, E. (1990). The Social Engagement of Social Science, Volume 1: A Tavistock Anthology: The Socio-Psychological Perspective, University of Pennsylvania Press.","DOI":"10.9783\/9781512819748"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-4748(01)00034-0","article-title":"Beyond socio-technical systems: Introduction to the special issue","volume":"18","author":"Griffith","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Eng. Technol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2307\/591747","article-title":"New rules of sociological method: Rethinking technology studies","volume":"48","author":"Werner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00993531","article-title":"The new Leviathan: The dynamics and limits of technocracy","volume":"22","author":"Centeno","year":"1993","journal-title":"Theory Soc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-923X.2012.02242.x","article-title":"Towards a real sustainable agri-food security and food policy: Beyond the ecological fallacies?","volume":"83","author":"Marsden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Political Q."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1080\/02827581.2014.921722","article-title":"Shades of green: A social scientific view on bioeconomy in the forest sector","volume":"29","author":"Kleinschmit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Valseth, M.S. (2012, January 15). Innovation Norway supporting the development of an algae industry in Norway. Proceedings of the Workshop, Nordic Algae Network and Blue Bio, Aas, Norway."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eist.2011.02.002","article-title":"The multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions: Responses to seven criticisms","volume":"1","author":"Geels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Innov. Soc. Transit."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(82)90016-6","article-title":"Technological paradigms and technological trajectories: A suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change","volume":"11","author":"Dosi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Rip, A., and Kemp, R. (1998). Technological Change, Battelle Press."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2010.04.008","article-title":"Exploring sustainability transitions in the electricity sector with socio-technical pathways","volume":"77","author":"Verbong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1080\/09537320903182280","article-title":"Foundational ontologies and multi-paradigm analysis, applied to the socio-technical transition from mixed farming to intensive pig husbandry (1930\u20131980)","volume":"21","author":"Geels","year":"2009","journal-title":"Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grin, J., Rotmans, J., and Schot, J. (2010). Transitions to Sustainable Development: New Directions in the Study of Long Term Transformative Change, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203856598"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2010.10.008","article-title":"Patterns in transitions: understanding complex chains of change","volume":"78","author":"Rotmans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2007.01.003","article-title":"Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways","volume":"36","author":"Geels","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Loorbach, D. (2007). Transition Management: New Mode of Governance for Sustainable Development, Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT)."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1108\/14636680110803003","article-title":"More evolution than revolution: Transition management in public policy","volume":"3","author":"Rotmans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Foresight"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Palavicino, C.A., and Konrad, K. Foresight as a Specific Mode of Governing Expectations: (Initial) Implications. Available online: http:\/\/scholar.googleusercontent.com\/scholar?q=cache:uvGDjukUJA4J:scholar.google.com\/+.+Foresight+as+a+specific+mode+of+governing+expectations:+&hl=no&as_sdt=0,5."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2012.715478","article-title":"Navigating foresight in a sea of expectations: Lessons from the sociology of expectations","volume":"24","year":"2012","journal-title":"Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Van Lente, H. (1993). the Dynamics of Expectations in Technological Developments, Enschede."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2010.496283","article-title":"Competing expectations: The case of hydrogen storage technologies","volume":"22","author":"Bakker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(98)00105-X","article-title":"Designing the future: The culture of new trends in science and technology","volume":"28","author":"Guice","year":"1999","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Foucault, M. (1972). The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse of Language, Pantheon Books."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Woolgar, S. (1987). the Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology, The MIT Press."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Eurostat (2008). NACE. Rev 2 Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gail, M.H. (2005). Encyclopedia of Biostatistics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/0470011815.b2a03008"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"165","article-title":"Om statistiske teoriar for tolking av data","volume":"25","author":"Aaberge","year":"1984","journal-title":"Tidsskrift Samfunnsforskning"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2008.04.001","article-title":"Mapping expectations for system transformations: Lessons from Sustainability Foresight in German utility sectors","volume":"75","author":"Truffer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2007.08.014","article-title":"Multi-regime dynamics in the analysis of sectoral transformation potentials: evidence from German utility sectors","volume":"16","author":"Konrad","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/09537320600777143","article-title":"Non-linearity and expectations in niche-development trajectories: Ups and downs in Dutch biogas development (1973\u20132003)","volume":"18","author":"Geels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Lente, H.V., and Rip, A. (1998). Expectations in Technological Developments: An Example of Prospective Structures to Be Filled in by Agency, Walter de Gruyter."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Brown, N., Rappert, B., and Webster, A. (2000). Contested Futures: A Sociology of Prospective Techno-Science, Ashgate Pub Limited."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Falk-Andersson, J., Magnar, F., and Birger, V. (2016). Biogical Resources and Production in Forestry, Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture across Norway, NORUT Northern Research Institute AS."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.18261\/ISSN1504-2936-2014-02-01","article-title":"Norsk jordbruk i krysspress mellom nasjonal og internasjonal politikk","volume":"2","author":"Farsund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Norsk Statsvitensk. Tidsskr."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"OECD (2016). Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2016, OECD Publishing, The Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Alm\u00e5s, R. (2016). Omstart\u2014Forslag til ein ny Landbrukspolitkk, Sn\u00f8fugl Forlag."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Brandlistuen, E. (2005). Landbruket, Fisket og WTO. Analyse av Landbruks- og Fiskerisektoren og de Forskellige Forhandlingsposisjonene i WTO, in Institutt for Statsvitenskap, Universitetet i Oslo."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Norsk bioenergiforening (NOBIO)r (2012). Bioenergi, NOBIO. Available online: http:\/\/nobio.no\/upload_dir\/pics\/media\/bioenergi\/Bioenergi-3-2012.pdf."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Transport & Environment (TE) (2016). Globiom: The Basis for Biofuel Policy Post-2020, Transport & Environment. Available online: https:\/\/www.transportenvironment.org\/publications\/globiom-basis-biofuel-policy-post-2020."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Worldfish Center (2011). Working Paper\u2014Aquaculture, Fisheries, Poverty and Food Security 2011, Worldfish Center."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.09.032","article-title":"Ensiling of fish industry waste for biogas production: A lab scale evaluation of biochemical methane potential (BMP) and kinetics","volume":"127","author":"Kafle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresource Technol."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Laksefakta Hva er i F\u00f4ret til Laksen?. Available online: https:\/\/laksefakta.no\/hva-spiser-laksen\/hva-er-i-foret-til-laksen\/."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2016.03.130","article-title":"Waste biorefinery models towards sustainable circular bioeconomy: critical review and future perspectives","volume":"215","author":"Mohan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresource Technol."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Borregaard Ivesterer 63 Millioner Kroner i Bioetanol og Biogass. Available online: http:\/\/www.borregaard.no\/Nyheter\/Investerer-63-millioner-kroner-i-bioetanol-og-biogass\/(language)\/nor-NO."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8121","DOI":"10.3390\/en8088121","article-title":"Combined biogas and bioethanol production: Opportunities and challenges for industrial application","volume":"8","author":"Cesaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.059","article-title":"Design of the optimal industrial symbiosis system to improve bioethanol production","volume":"64","author":"Gonela","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Framstad, E., \u00d8kland, B., Bendiksen, E., Bakkestuen, V., Blom, H., and Brandrud, T.E. (2002). Evaluering av Skogvernet i Norge, NINA\u2014Norsk institutt for naturforskning."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Steel, N.J. (2015). Innspill til Regjeringens Bio\u00f8konomistrategi, WWF and Sabima."},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"Haltbrekken, L. (2015). Innspill til Bio\u00f8konomistrategi, Naturvernforbundet."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"Holtsmark, B. (2010). Use of Wood Fuels from Boreal Forests Will Create a Biofuel Carbon Debt with a Long Payback Time Discussion Papers, Statistics Norway. Available online: https:\/\/brage.bibsys.no\/xmlui\/handle\/11250\/180591."},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"Follo, G. (2014). Norsk Senter for Bygdeforskning, Centre for Rural Research. Available online: http:\/\/www.bygdeforskning.no\/publikasjoner\/eiendomsoverbyggende-samarbeid-for-skogeiere-i-kystskogbruket-utfordrende-men-med-stort-potensiale."},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"Statsskog Hvem Eier Skogen?. Available online: http:\/\/www.statskog.no\/skogdrift\/hvem-eier-skogen.html."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"Sodano, V. (2013, January 6\u20137). Pros and Cons of the Bioeconomy: A Critical Appraisal of Public Claims through Critical Discourse Analysis. Proceedings of the 2013 Second Congress, Parma, Italy."}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/9\/3\/341\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:29:09Z","timestamp":1760207349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/9\/3\/341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["su9030341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su9030341","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]]}}}