{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T17:03:47Z","timestamp":1768583027704,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Work and leisure in outdoor spaces influences people\u2019s physiological and psychological, while it can also lead to a reduction of energy consumed via air conditioning and lighting. In this study, the effects of solar radiation shading by trees in the open space around buildings on microclimatic development and pedestrian radiation environment are evaluated through a case study on the redevelopment buildings in front of Central Osaka Station, based on both observation and calculation. In both open space and green garden, direct solar radiation is shielded mainly by the buildings located behind the trees rather than by the trees themselves. Solar radiation shielding by trees is necessary in the range of more than 10 m from the south side of the buildings and more than 6 m from the west or east sides of the buildings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su9081398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T10:28:08Z","timestamp":1502188088000},"page":"1398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Analysis of Solar Radiation Shading Effects by Trees in the Open Space around Buildings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9295-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Takebayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makiko","family":"Kasahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Facility Design, Nikken Sekkei Ltd., Koraibashi, Chuo, Osaka 541-8528, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Facility Design, Nikken Sekkei Ltd., Koraibashi, Chuo, Osaka 541-8528, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kouyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Construction Administration Section, Nikken Sekkei Ltd., Koraibashi, Chuo, Osaka 541-8528, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2012.04.019","article-title":"Relationships between the properties of an urban street canyon and its radiant environment: Introduction of appropriate urban heat island mitigation technologies","volume":"86","author":"Takebayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sol. 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