{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:50:18Z","timestamp":1783482618184,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Computed tomography (CT) arthrography is a quickly available imaging modality to investigate elbow disorders. Its excellent spatial resolution enables the detection of subtle pathologic changes of intra-articular structures, which makes this technique extremely valuable in a joint with very tiny chondral layers and complex anatomy of articular capsule and ligaments. Radiation exposure has been widely decreased with the novel CT scanners, thereby increasing the indications of this examination. The main applications of CT arthrography of the elbow are the evaluation of capsule, ligaments, and osteochondral lesions in both the settings of acute trauma, degenerative changes, and chronic injury due to repeated microtrauma and overuse. In this review, we discuss the normal anatomic findings, technical tips for injection and image acquisition, and pathologic findings that can be encountered in CT arthrography of the elbow, shedding light on its role in the diagnosis and management of different orthopedic conditions. We aspire to offer a roadmap for the integration of elbow CT arthrography into routine clinical practice, fostering improved patient outcomes and a deeper understanding of elbow pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography10030032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T08:56:41Z","timestamp":1710147401000},"page":"415-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CT Arthrography of the Elbow: What Radiologists Should Know"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Folco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Specializzazione in Radiodiagnostica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Unit\u00e0 Operativa di Radiologia Diagnostica ed Interventistica, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3623-7822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Gitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Unit\u00e0 Operativa di Radiologia Diagnostica ed Interventistica, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Unit\u00e0 Operativa di Radiologia Diagnostica ed Interventistica, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Serpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Unit\u00e0 Operativa di Radiologia Diagnostica ed Interventistica, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Zagarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C. Radiodiagnostica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro Battista","family":"Gallazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C. Radiodiagnostica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Arrigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C. 1\u00b0 Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8577-8433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Aliprandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Zucchi Clinical Institutes Spa, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1833-6587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Zucchi Clinical Institutes Spa, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9204-2678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Vitali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0759-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca Maria","family":"Sconfienza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Unit\u00e0 Operativa di Radiologia Diagnostica ed Interventistica, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7989-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Albano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Unit\u00e0 Operativa di Radiologia Diagnostica ed Interventistica, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230615","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.230615","article-title":"Advances in Musculoskeletal Imaging: Recent Developments and Predictions for the Future","volume":"308","author":"Recht","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography9040117","article-title":"Dual-Energy CT Arthrography: Advanced Muscolo-Skelatal Applications in Clinical Practice","volume":"9","author":"Foti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000908","article-title":"Computed Tomography","volume":"58","author":"Ibad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig. 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