{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:50:46Z","timestamp":1791561046222,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of and complications resulting from temporal bone fractures in adult and pediatric patients evaluated for cranio-facial trauma in an emergency setting. Methods: A retrospective blinded analysis of CT scans of a series of 294 consecutive adult and pediatric patients with cranio-facial trauma investigated in the emergency setting was conducted. Findings were compared between the two populations. Preliminary reports made by on-call residents were compared with the retrospective analysis, which was performed in consensus by two experienced readers and served as reference standard. Results: CT revealed 126 fractures in 116\/294 (39.5%) patients, although fractures were clinically suspected only in 70\/294 (23.8%); p &lt; 0.05. Fractures were longitudinal, transverse and mixed in 69.5%, 10.3% and 19.8% of cases, respectively. Most fractures were otic-sparing fractures (95.2%). Involvement of the external auditory canal, ossicular chain and the osseous structures surrounding the facial nerve was present in 72.2%, 8.7% and 6.3% of cases, respectively. Temporal bone fractures extended into the venous sinuses\/jugular foramen and carotid canal in 18.3% and 17.5% of cases, respectively. Vascular injuries (carotid dissection and venous thrombosis) were more common in children than in adults (13.6% versus 5.3%); however, the observed difference did not reach statistical significance. 79.5% of patients with temporal bone fractures had both brain injuries and fractures of the facial bones and cranial vault. Brain injuries were more common in adults (90.4%) than in children (63.6%), p = 0.001. Although on-call residents reliably detected temporal bone fractures (sensitivity = 92.8%), they often missed trauma-associated ossicular dislocation (sensitivity = 27.3%). Conclusions: Temporal bone fractures and related complications are common in patients with cranio-facial trauma and need to be thoroughly looked for; the pattern of associated injuries is slightly different in children and in adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography10050056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T09:22:52Z","timestamp":1715332972000},"page":"727-737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Temporal Bone Fractures and Related Complications in Pediatric and Adult Cranio-Facial Trauma: A Comparison of MDCT Findings in the Acute Emergency Setting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Romain","family":"Kohler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Pucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6034-3724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basile","family":"Landis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Senn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Alexandre","family":"Poletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Scolozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Toso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minerva","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Platon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2023.08.015","article-title":"Does the type of craniomaxillofacial fracture (CMF) differ between patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and those with blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI)? 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