{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:25:04Z","timestamp":1791213904918,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The retinacula of the ankle are specialized anatomical structures characterized by localized thickenings of the crural fascia that envelop the deep components of the lower leg, ankle and foot. The ankle retinacula include the extensor retinacula, the peroneal retinacula and flexor retinaculum. Despite their potential to explain persistent and unexplained pain following an injury, these structures are often overlooked or incorrectly diagnosed. Hence, this comprehensive review was performed aiming to investigate the use and the methodology of US imaging to assess ankle retinacula. The search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception to May 2024. The MeSH keywords used were as follows: \u201cAnkle Retinacula\u201d, \u201cFoot Retinacula\u201d, \u201cSuperior extensor retinaculum\u201d, \u201cInferior extensor retinaculum\u201d, \u201cperoneal retinaculum\u201d, \u201csuperior peroneal retinaculum\u201d, \u201cinferior peroneal retinaculum\u201d, \u201cflexor retinaculum\u201d, \u201cUltrasound Imaging\u201d, \u201cUltrasound\u201d, \u201cUltrasonography\u201d and \u201cUltrasound examination\u201d. In total, 257 records underwent screening, resulting in 22 studies meeting the criteria for inclusion after the process of revision. Data heterogeneity prevents synthesis and consistent conclusions. The results showed that advanced US imaging holds promise as a crucial tool to perform an US examination of ankle retinacula, offering static and dynamic insights into ankle retinacula pathology. Understanding normal anatomy and US imaging is essential for accurately identifying injuries. Future research should focus on clinical trials to validate parameters and ensure their reliability in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography10080095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T06:23:05Z","timestamp":1723616585000},"page":"1277-1293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ultrasound Imaging of Ankle Retinacula: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0119-6549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmelo","family":"Pirri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Pirri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, School of Radiology, Radiology Institute, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2335-6897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Macchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Porzionato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2307-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"De Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8767-4555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Stecco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography9010028","article-title":"\u2018Ultrasound Examination\u2019 of the Musculoskeletal System: Bibliometric\/Visualized Analyses on the Terminology (Change)","volume":"9","author":"Pirri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001956","article-title":"A New and Dedicated Video Gallery: EURO-MUSCULUS\/USPRM Protocols for Dynamic Ultrasound Examination of the Joints","volume":"101","author":"Ricci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. 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