{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:15:40Z","timestamp":1792790140702,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NRA Human Resource Development, Human Resource Development Program for Advanced Radiation Protection with Practical Problem-Solving Skills, Japan.","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) require repeated imaging, primarily standing spine radiography, while CT may be required for surgical planning, resulting in higher radiation exposure. Spectral shaping using a tin filter can reduce radiation dose in non-contrast chest CT. This study evaluated the efficacy of spectral shaping using a tin filter for reducing radiation dose in CT imaging in AIS and its impact on image quality. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 51 AIS patients who underwent spine CT between February 2017 and March 2022, and divided them into two groups: normal-dose CT (NDCT) and low-dose CT with spectral shaping with a tin filter (LDCT). Radiation doses and image quality were compared between the groups. Radiation dose was recorded as the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and the dose length product emitted from the device, and effective and equivalent doses obtained from simulations. Results: The use of spectral shaping with a tin filter resulted in a 75% reduction in radiation dose compared to conventional CT without any reduction in image quality. Conclusions: Spectral shaping CT with a tin filter can substantially reduce radiation dose while maintaining image quality. It may be considered a safer alternative to conventional CT when clinically indicated in AIS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography11100110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T10:49:34Z","timestamp":1759142974000},"page":"110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reducing Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography Imaging of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Using Spectral Shaping Technique with Tin Filter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9063-9670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Noto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiological Technology, Department of Technical Support, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan"},{"name":"Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3788-2882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Kuramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiological Technology, Department of Technical Support, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8743-7074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kei","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo Ward, Niigata 951-8520, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0913-2777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichi","family":"Chida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"031518","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/acf868","article-title":"Evaluation of radiation dose and image quality for dental cone-beam computed tomography in pediatric patients","volume":"43","author":"Ito","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Radiol. Prot."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13171","article-title":"Fetal radiation dose of four tube voltages in abdominal CT examinations during pregnancy: A phantom study","volume":"22","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsubara, K. (2021). Assessment of Radiation Dose in Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology Procedures for Patient and Staff Safety. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11061116"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s12194-022-00660-8","article-title":"What are useful methods to reduce occupational radiation exposure among radiological medical workers, especially for interventional radiology personnel?","volume":"15","author":"Chida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol. Phys. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suliman, I.I., Khouqeer, G.A., Ahmed, N.A., Abuzaid, M.M., and Sulieman, A. (2023). Low-Dose Chest CT Protocols for Imaging COVID-19 Pneumonia: Technique Parameters and Radiation Dose. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13040992"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brendlin, A.S., Winkelmann, M.T., Do, P.L., Schwarze, V., Peisen, F., Almansour, H., Bongers, M.N., Artzner, C.P., Weiss, J., and Kim, J.H. (2021). Simulated Radiation Dose Reduction in Whole-Body CT on a 3rd Generation Dual-Source Scanner: An Intraindividual Comparison. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11010118"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, C.-C. (2020). Evaluation of Impact of Factors Affecting CT Radiation Dose for Optimizing Patient Dose Levels. Diagnostics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10100787"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography8010036","article-title":"Radiation eye dose for physicians in CT fluoroscopy-guided biopsy","volume":"8","author":"Inaba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabiniewicz-Ziajka, D., Szarmach, A., Grzywi\u0144ska, M., Ga\u0107, P., and Piskunowicz, M. (2024). Redefining Radiation Metrics: Evaluating Actual Doses in Computed Tomography Scans. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12030600"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oh, C.H., Cho, S.B., and Kwon, H. (2024). Evaluating Image Quality and Radiation Dose in Low-Dose Thoraco-Abdominal CT Angiography with a Tin Filter for Patients with Aortic Disease. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13040996"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60658-3","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"371","author":"Weinstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15030","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.30","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"1","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f2508","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2508","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"346","author":"Altaf","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4747-2","article-title":"Incidence of cancer in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients treated 25 years previously","volume":"25","author":"Simony","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2023.07.008","article-title":"Radiation exposure in pediatric patients with early onset scoliosis: A longitudinal single-center study","volume":"29","author":"Sugawara","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.427","article-title":"Radiation dose associated with common computed tomography examinations and the associated lifetime attributable risk of cancer","volume":"169","author":"Lipson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000238675.91612.2f","article-title":"Radiation exposure during pedicle screw placement in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Is fluoroscopy safe?","volume":"31","author":"Shufflebarger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trzci\u0144ska, S., Kuszewski, M., and Koszela, K. (2022). Analysis of Posture Parameters in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis with the Use of 3D Ultrasound Diagnostics-Preliminary Results. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084750"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwan, C.K., Young, J.H., Lai, J.C., Lai, K.K., Yang, K.G., Hung, A.L., Chu, W.C., Lau, A.Y., Lee, T.Y., and Cheng, J.C. (2025). Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging for quantitative assessment of frontal cobb angles in patients with idiopathic scoliosis\u2014A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08467-5"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07651-2","article-title":"Estimated cumulative radiation exposure in patients treated for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"32","author":"Cool","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"RadiologyInfo.org (2025, September 11). Patient Safety: Radiation Dose in X-Ray and CT Exams. Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and American College of Radiology (ACR), Available online: https:\/\/www.radiologyinfo.org\/en\/info\/safety-xray."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) (2007). The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP. ICRP Publication 103."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1667\/RR2022.1","article-title":"Cancer mortality among women frequently exposed to radiographic examinations for spinal disorders","volume":"174","author":"Ronckers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4340","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.2884","article-title":"Spontaneous abortion in a Danish population-based cohort of childhood cancer survivors","volume":"26","author":"Winther","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06465-w","article-title":"Intraoperative radiation exposure to patients in idiopathic scoliosis surgery with freehand insertion technique of pedicle screws and comparison to navigation techniques","volume":"29","author":"Berlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2481071451","article-title":"Effective doses in radiology and diagnostic nuclear medicine: A catalog","volume":"248","author":"Mettler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2333031150","article-title":"Techniques and applications of automatic tube current modulation for CT","volume":"233","author":"Kalra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gutierrez, D., Schmidt, S., Denys, A., Schnyder, P., Bochud, F.O., and Verdun, F.R. (2007, January 8). Performance evaluation of CT-automatic exposure control devices. Proceedings of the SPIE 6515, Medical Imaging 2007: Image Perception, Observer Performance, and Technology Assessment, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.708386"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W384","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.13241","article-title":"CT radiation dose and iterative reconstruction techniques","volume":"204","author":"Padole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e3181b26c67","article-title":"Radiation dose reduction with chest computed tomography using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction technique: Initial experience","volume":"34","author":"Prakash","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.262055138","article-title":"CT Dose reduction and dose management tools: Overview of available options","volume":"26","author":"McCollough","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Allmendinger, T., and Hamann, A. (2017). Calcium Scoring Using tin Filter Spectral Shaping\u2014A Demonstration of Agatston Equivalence, Siemens Healthcare GmbH. White Paper."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4270","article-title":"Imaging the parasinus region with a third-generation dual-source CT and the effect of tin filtration on image quality and radiation dose","volume":"36","author":"Lell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.04.018","article-title":"Unenhanced third-generation dual-source chest CT using a tin filter for spectral shaping at 100 kVp","volume":"84","author":"Haubenreisser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-021-00343-1","article-title":"Does use of pre-operative low-dose CT-scan in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis improve accuracy in screw placement? results of a retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Ruffilli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-023-00772-0","article-title":"Radiation exposure in navigated techniques for AIS: Is there a difference between pre-operative CT and intraoperative CT?","volume":"12","author":"Sullivan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Juan, C.R., Katharine, L.G., and Rainer, R. (2024). Advanced Modeled Iterative Reconstruction, Siemens Healthcare GmbH. Available online: https:\/\/marketing.webassets.siemens-healthineers.com\/1800000005678345\/c8da9b7f6aab\/Siemens-Healthineers_DI-CT_ADMIRE-Whitepaper.pdf."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.18294","article-title":"Comparing dose-length product-based and monte carlo simulation organ-based calculations of effective dose in 16- and 64-MDCT examinations using automatic tube current modulation","volume":"210","author":"Ellenbogen","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.11.008","article-title":"Whole-body CT for lymphoma staging: Feasibility of halving radiation dose and risk by iterative image reconstruction","volume":"83","author":"Meyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244","article-title":"Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software \u2018EZR\u2019 for medical statistics","volume":"48","author":"Kanda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (2000). Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation: UNSCEAR 2000 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes, United Nations."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) (2000). Managing Patient Dose in Computed Tomography, ICRP. ICRP Publication 87."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60815-0","article-title":"Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"380","author":"Pearce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2016). Communicating Radiation Risks in Paediatric Imaging: Information to Support Health Care Discussions About Benefit and Risk, World Health Organization. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/978924151034."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f2360","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2360","article-title":"Cancer risk in 680 000 people exposed to computed tomography scans in childhood or adolescence: Data linkage study of 11 million Australians","volume":"346","author":"Mathews","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.311","article-title":"The use of computed tomography in pediatrics and the associated radiation exposure and estimated cancer risk","volume":"167","author":"Miglioretti","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1177\/0146645315575877","article-title":"Radiation epidemiology and recent paediatric computed tomography studies","volume":"44","author":"Boice","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nemoto, M., and Chida, K. (2020). Reducing the breast cancer risk and radiation dose of radiography for scoliosis in children: A phantom study. Diagnostics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10100753"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4466","article-title":"Radiation dose to the pediatric cardiac catheterization and intervention patient","volume":"195","author":"Chida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.09112","article-title":"Radiation Dose and Radiation Protection for Patients and Physicians During Interventional Procedure","volume":"51","author":"Chida","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra072149","article-title":"Computed tomography\u2014An increasing source of radiation exposure","volume":"357","author":"Brenner","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.2.1760289","article-title":"Estimated risks of radiation-induced fatal cancer from pediatric CT","volume":"176","author":"Brenner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography9040110","article-title":"Relationships of radiation dose indices with body size indices in adult body computed tomography","volume":"9","author":"Inoue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-140797","article-title":"A study on the correlation between patients\u2019 physical characteristics and effective dose of liver computed tomography","volume":"22","author":"Joo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Technol. Health Care"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.217.2.r00nv35430","article-title":"Technique factors and image quality as functions of patient weight at abdominal CT","volume":"217","author":"Huda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6084","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3651489","article-title":"Radiation dose reduction to the breast in thoracic CT: Comparison of bismuth shielding, organ-based tube current modulation, and use of a globally decreased tube current","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4285","article-title":"Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction: Assessment of image noise and image quality in coronary CT angiography","volume":"195","author":"Leipsic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2953","article-title":"Innovations in CT dose reduction strategy: Application of the adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction algorithm","volume":"194","author":"Silva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3083567","article-title":"Improved dual-energy material discrimination for dual-source CT by means of additional spectral filtration","volume":"36","author":"Primak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"1085","article-title":"Depth dose distribution measurements by X-ray CT: Comparison with and without tin Filter","volume":"64","author":"Noto","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPN J. Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-08006-7","article-title":"Usefulness of the spectral shaping dual-source computed tomography imaging technique in posterior corrective fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"33","author":"Noto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Task Group on Control of Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography (2000). Managing Patient Dose in Computed Tomography. Ann. ICRP, 30, 7\u201345.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6453(01)00049-5"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Managing Patient Dose in Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT). ICRP Publication 102","volume":"37","author":"Valentin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (2025, June 08). Optimization of the Radiological Protection of Patients Undergoing Radiography, Fluoroscopy and Computed Tomography. IAEA-TECDOC-1423. Available online: https:\/\/www-pub.iaea.org\/MTCD\/Publications\/PDF\/te_1423_web.pdf."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.6009\/jjrt.2018_JSRT_74.2.166","article-title":"Comparison of organ dose calculation using Monte Carlo simulation and in-phantom dosimetry in CT examination","volume":"74","author":"Iriuchijima","year":"2018","journal-title":"JPN J. Radiol. Technol."}],"container-title":["Tomography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2379-139X\/11\/10\/110\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T12:03:08Z","timestamp":1759147388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2379-139X\/11\/10\/110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["tomography11100110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tomography11100110","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-139X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-139X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]}}}