{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:22:43Z","timestamp":1773933763722,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Catholic Medical Center Research Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: To comprehensively evaluate longitudinal retinal and choroidal vascular changes after phacoemulsification using automated optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) analysis and to investigate clinical factors influencing these changes. Methods: This retrospective study included 26 subjects (31 eyes) who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification. OCTA was performed at baseline and at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months postoperatively. Automated quantitative analysis was applied to assess vessel density- and structure-related parameters in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), choriocapillaris, and Haller layer. Longitudinal changes were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance, with time \u00d7 clinical factor interactions evaluated for diabetes mellitus, anesthesia method, and sex. Inter-layer associations were assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. Results: Significant longitudinal changes were observed in retinal layers. In the SCP, vessel density increased from 42.59 \u00b1 1.46 at baseline to 44.10 \u00b1 1.44 at 2 months (p = 0.002), accompanied by increases in vessel length and node counts (all p &lt; 0.001). In the DCP, vessel density increased from 34.66 \u00b1 5.98 to 38.65 \u00b1 4.83 (p &lt; 0.001). In contrast, choriocapillaris-related parameters showed no significant overall time effect. In the Haller layer, mean vessel diameter decreased significantly over time (p &lt; 0.001), while density-related metrics remained unchanged. \u0394VAD demonstrated positive correlations between adjacent layers (SCP\u2013DCP and DCP\u2013choriocapillaris) and a negative correlation between choriocapillaris and Haller layers. Diabetes mellitus showed no significant longitudinal effect, whereas retrobulbar anesthesia and sex significantly modified selected choroidal trajectories. Conclusions: Automated and integrated OCTA analysis revealed layer-dependent retinal and choroidal vascular responses after phacoemulsification, with coordinated changes confined mainly to anatomically adjacent layers and selective modulation by clinical factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography12030042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:49:24Z","timestamp":1773924564000},"page":"42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Automated Longitudinal Quantification of Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Changes After Phacoemulsification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Seung Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bucheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #327 Sosa-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14647, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phil Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bucheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #327 Sosa-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14647, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bucheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #327 Sosa-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14647, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ho","family":"Ra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bucheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #327 Sosa-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14647, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6736-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiwon","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bucheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #327 Sosa-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14647, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2017.06.019","article-title":"Choroidal thickness changes following cataract surgery using swept source optical coherence tomography","volume":"53","author":"Shahzad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. 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