{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:26:41Z","timestamp":1791289601233,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15EB028535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15EB028535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R15EB028535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15EB028535"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is an emerging biomedical imaging modality that detects superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), providing high contrast, sensitivity, and quantification capabilities without ionizing radiation, making it particularly suitable for cancer diagnostics. Considerable engineering efforts are underway to translate MPI technology to clinical settings. Most of these MPI scanners feature a cylindrical bore geometry similar to that of other clinical imaging modalities, which limits their potential application primarily to head scanning. Methods: We have developed a single-sided MPI scanner designed to expand the modality\u2019s applicability to other regions of the human body through a unique hardware design developed in our previous work. Imaging experiments were performed on an anatomical breast phantom containing implanted SPION point sources placed at anatomically plausible locations for breast tumors. These point sources served as artificial tumors for evaluating the system\u2019s suitability for breast imaging applications. Results: The scanner successfully detected and clearly resolved the implanted SPION tumors in two orthogonal imaging planes. Tumor positioning was independently validated by ultrasound imaging, confirming MPI\u2019s accurate localization. In addition, sensitivity measurements demonstrated a detection limit of 4.0 \u03bcg of iron, below the estimated 4.8 \u03bcg sensitivity threshold required for breast tumor detection with electronic depth scanning up to 3.5 cm deep. Conclusions: Together, these results demonstrate the capability of a single-sided MPI geometry for breast imaging applications. Imaging an anatomical breast-shaped volume presents significant challenges for MPI due to the size and accessibility constraints of conventional hardware. The results presented highlight the advantages of this approach and support its potential to extend MPI from small-animal imaging to clinically relevant applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography12050060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T11:40:12Z","timestamp":1777981212000},"page":"60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Imaging of Artificial Tumor Models in an Anatomical Breast Phantom with a Single-Sided Magnetic Particle Imaging Scanner"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8705-1975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"McDonough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Chrisekos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Jurj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7873-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alycen","family":"Wiacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0531-715X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey","family":"Tonyushkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2024","volume":"74","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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