{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:25:46Z","timestamp":1787149546162,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Our objective was to describe morphologic features and longitudinal changes observed on high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) in a selected retrospective case series of patients evaluated for suspected inflammatory intracranial vasculopathy. Methods: This retrospective case series included patients who underwent 3T intracranial HR-VWI for suspected inflammatory intracranial vasculopathy. Clinical and imaging data were collected from medical records and imaging archives. Three radiologists reviewed baseline and follow-up examinations for vessel wall enhancement (VWE) pattern and grade, wall thickness, luminal narrowing, arterial distribution, diffusion-restricted lesions, and susceptibility-sensitive findings. Analyses were descriptive and patient-level. Each patient contributed one baseline and one final examination to longitudinal summaries; intermediate scans characterized individual trajectories only. Results: Nineteen patients were included, and 17 underwent serial HR-VWI. Median age was 46 years (IQR, 35.5\u201360.0 years), and 11 patients were female. Follow-up HR-VWI was available in 17 patients over a median of 391 days (IQR, 237\u20131819 days; range, 15\u20134034 days). VWE was present in all patients, with a purely concentric pattern in 15\/19 (78.9%). The middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries were involved in 17\/19 and 13\/19 patients, respectively. Among the 17 patients with paired examinations, VWE grade decreased in 13 patients (76.5%) and remained stable in four patients (23.5%), with the median decreasing from 3.0 to 1.0. Maximum wall thickness decreased in 16 patients and remained stable in one, with the median changing from 2.0 mm to 1.4 mm. Conclusions: In this selected retrospective case series of patients evaluated for suspected inflammatory intracranial vasculopathy, 3T HR-VWI commonly demonstrated concentric VWE and provided descriptive longitudinal information regarding enhancement evolution. These findings should not be interpreted as evidence of diagnostic performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography12080116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T13:14:01Z","timestamp":1787145241000},"page":"116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-Resolution 3T Intracranial Vessel Wall MRI in Patients Evaluated for Suspected Inflammatory Intracranial Vasculopathy: Morphologic and Follow-Up Findings from a Retrospective Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1321-3617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeliz","family":"Basar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Acibadem Healthcare Group, 34457 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9629-0211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mujgan","family":"Orman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Acibadem Healthcare Group, 34457 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4650-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tugce","family":"Ozdemir Gultekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Acibadem Healthcare Group, 34457 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ercan","family":"Karaarslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Mehmet Ali Aydinlar Acibadem University, 34638 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3626-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Civan","family":"Islak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Acibadem Healthcare Group, 34457 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Memorial Sisli Hospital, 34385 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2023.03.011","article-title":"Central Nervous System Vasculitis: Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System and Central Nervous System Manifestations of Systemic Vasculitis","volume":"49","author":"Amin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073812459352","article-title":"Primary and Secondary Central Nervous System Vasculitis","volume":"27","author":"Gowdie","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filippi, M., and Rocca, M.A. (2020). Primary CNS Vasculitides. White Matter Diseases: An Update for Neurologists, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-38621-4"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-0973-9","article-title":"Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis: Pathology and Mechanisms","volume":"123","author":"Giannini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-019-0014-4","article-title":"Primary Angiitis of the CNS (PACNS) and Beh\u00e7et Disease","volume":"1","author":"Berlit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-018-0747-z","article-title":"CNS Vasculitis: An Approach to Differential Diagnosis and Management","volume":"20","author":"Byram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21226","article-title":"Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis: Analysis of 101 Patients","volume":"62","author":"Salvarani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2831-8","article-title":"Primary and Secondary Central Nervous System Vasculitis: Clinical Manifestations, Laboratory Findings, Neuroimaging, and Treatment Analysis","volume":"34","author":"Medina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_368_22","article-title":"Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System\u2014Diagnosis and Management","volume":"25","author":"Sundaram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitoma, H., Manto, M., and Gandini, J. (2024). Central Nervous System Vasculitis and Related Diseases. Neuroimmune Diseases, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-24297-7"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.11.044","article-title":"Clinical Vascular Imaging in the Brain at 7T","volume":"168","author":"Lindenholz","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2021.08.005","article-title":"ACR Appropriateness Criteria\u00ae Noncerebral Vasculitis","volume":"18","author":"Aghayev","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10683-7","article-title":"Diagnosis and Follow-up Evaluation of Central Nervous System Vasculitis: An Evaluation of Vessel-Wall MRI Findings","volume":"269","author":"Patzig","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-022-03093-7","article-title":"Utility of High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Vessel Wall Imaging in Differentiating between Atherosclerotic Plaques, Vasculitis, and Arterial Dissection","volume":"65","author":"Tritanon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312020","article-title":"High-Resolution Intracranial Vessel Wall Imaging: Imaging beyond the Lumen","volume":"87","author":"Alexander","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2023.02481","article-title":"Emerging Concept of Intracranial Arterial Diseases: The Role of High Resolution Vessel Wall MRI","volume":"26","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Stroke"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4893","article-title":"Intracranial Vessel Wall MRI: Principles and Expert Consensus Recommendations of the American Society of Neuroradiology","volume":"38","author":"Mandell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5844","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-026-12320-1","article-title":"Expert Consensus on Intracranial Vessel Wall MRI in Cerebrovascular Disease: Society for Magnetic Resonance Angiography Recommendations","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Aniello, S., Rustici, A., Gramegna, L.L., Godi, C., Piccolo, L., Gentile, M., Zini, A., Carrozzi, A., Lodi, R., and Tonon, C. (2024). The Contribution of Vessel Wall Magnetic Resonance Imaging to the Diagnosis of Primary and Secondary Central Nervous System Vasculitis. Diagnostics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14090927"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2021.112008","article-title":"The Value of High-Resolution MRI in the Diagnosis, Efficacy of Treatment, and Prognosis of Central Nervous System Vasculitis","volume":"59","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3909","article-title":"High-Resolution MRI Vessel Wall Imaging: Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and Central Nervous System Vasculitis","volume":"35","author":"Obusez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."}],"container-title":["Tomography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2379-139X\/12\/8\/116\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T13:36:07Z","timestamp":1787146567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2379-139X\/12\/8\/116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["tomography12080116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tomography12080116","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-139X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-139X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]}}}