{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:42:48Z","timestamp":1761766968091,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The aim was to determine the effect of pulmonary artery (PA) morphology on the branch pulmonary artery-regurgitation fraction (BPA-RF), the relationship of pulmonary insufficiency (PI) to BPA-RF and PA-distensibility, and factors (BPA-RF and PA-distensibility) associated with right ventricular function (RVF) in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF). Methods: A total of 182 rTOF patients (median age 17.1 years) were analyzed for length, angle of PA, BPA-RF, PI, and PA-distensibility, using magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The left PA had a significant greater RF than the right PA (median (interquartile range)): LPA 43.1% (32.6\u201351.5) and RPA 35.2% (24.7\u201344.7), p &lt; 0.001. The LPA was shorter with a narrower angle than the RPA (p &lt; 0.001). The anatomy of the branch-PA was not a factor for the greater LPA-RF (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: CI, p-value): length 0.44 (0.95\u20132.00), p = 0.28; angle 0.63 (0.13\u20132.99), p = 0.56. There was a strong positive correlation between PI and BPA-RF-coefficients (95% CI), p-value: LPA 0.78% (0.70\u20130.86), p &lt; 0.001; RPA 0.78% (0.71\u20130.84), p &lt; 0.001 and between BPA-RF and distensibility-coefficients (95%CI), p-value: LPA 0.73% (0.37\u20131.09), p &lt; 0.001; RPA 1.63% (1.22\u20132.03), p &lt; 0.001, respectively. The adjusted BPA-RF did not predict RVF, RPA (p = 0.434), LPA (p = 0.268). Conclusions: PA morphology is not a significant factor for the differential BPA-RF. The vascular wall in rTOF patients responds to chronic increased intravascular volume by increasing distensibility. BPA-RF is not a determinant of RVF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography7030036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T02:44:18Z","timestamp":1630982658000},"page":"412-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Branch Pulmonary Artery Regurgitation in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: Correlation with Pulmonary Artery Morphology, Distensibility, and Right Ventricular Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Suvipaporn","family":"Siripornpitak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duangkanok","family":"Lueangwattanapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apichaya","family":"Sriprachyakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suthep","family":"Wanitkun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alisa","family":"Limsuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.43.3.323","article-title":"Congenital heart disease in 56,109 births incidence and natural history","volume":"43","author":"Mitchell","year":"1971","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.100.suppl_2.Ii-157","article-title":"Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot in Neonates and Young Infants","volume":"100","author":"Pigula","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2001.115156","article-title":"Long-term results after early primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"122","author":"Bacha","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.09.039","article-title":"Long-term importance of right ventricular outflow tract patch function in patients with pulmonary regurgitation","volume":"143","author":"Puranik","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-016-0230-9","article-title":"Pulmonary artery diameters, cross sectional areas and area changes measured by cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance in healthy volunteers","volume":"18","author":"Burman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi091","article-title":"Pulmonary regurgitation: Not a benign lesion","volume":"26","author":"Bouzas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2011.02.011","article-title":"Differential Branch Pulmonary Artery Regurgitant Fraction Is a Function of Differential Pulmonary Arterial Anatomy and Pulmonary Vascular Resistance","volume":"4","author":"Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.02.027","article-title":"Usefulness of Branch Pulmonary Artery Regurgitant Fraction to Estimate the Relative Right and Left Pulmonary Vascular Resistances in Congenital Heart Disease","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000077064.67790.5B","article-title":"Differential regurgitation in branch pulmonary arteries after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: A phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance study","volume":"107","author":"Kang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.01.077","article-title":"Influence of Pulmonary Regurgitation Inequality on Differential Perfusion of the Lungs in Tetralogy of Fallot after Repair: A Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Perfusion Scintigraphy Study","volume":"49","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-012-0616-x","article-title":"Effects of Pulmonary Regurgitation on Distensibility and Flow of the Branch Pulmonary Arteries in Tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"34","author":"Voser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/198108","article-title":"Numerical Study for Blood Flow in Pulmonary Arteries after Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"2012","author":"Chern","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Methods Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivw179","article-title":"Computational haemodynamic analysis of left pulmonary artery angulation effects on pulmonary blood flow","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.08.002","article-title":"Effects of Angle Correction Angioplasty for Pulmonary Artery Stenosis with Tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"103","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.11.080","article-title":"Pulmonary artery stenosis in hybrid single-ventricle palliation: High incidence of left pulmonary artery intervention","volume":"149","author":"Rahkonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1136\/heartasia-2012-010124","article-title":"Diagnostic approach to assessment of valvular heart disease using magnetic resonance imaging, part II: A practical approach for native and prosthetic heart valve stenosis","volume":"4","author":"Chaothawee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Asia"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-010-9672-6","article-title":"Geometry and dimensions of the pulmonary artery bifurcation in children and adolescents: Assessment in vivo by contrast-enhanced MR-angiography","volume":"27","author":"Knobel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.972588","article-title":"Quantifying pulmonary regurgitation and right ventricular function in surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot: A comparative analysis of echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.075234","article-title":"Pulmonary regurgitation in congenital heart disease","volume":"93","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.1.92","article-title":"Mechanical properties and dimensions of the major pulmonary arteries","volume":"15","author":"Patel","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.10.073","article-title":"Central Pulmonary Artery Histopathology in Patients with Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases","volume":"87","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c100005","article-title":"Pulmonary Vascular Stiffness: Measurement, Modeling, and Implications in Normal and Hypertensive Pulmonary","volume":"1","author":"Hunter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Tomography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2379-139X\/7\/3\/36\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:54:27Z","timestamp":1760165667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2379-139X\/7\/3\/36"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["tomography7030036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tomography7030036","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-139X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2379-139X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]}}}