{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T06:28:20Z","timestamp":1777962500454,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Radiculopathy can be caused by nerve root irritation and nerve root compression at the level of the lateral recess or at the level of the intervertebral foramen. T2-weighted (T2w) MRI is considered essential to evaluate the nerve root and its course, starting at the lateral recess through the intervertebral foramen to the extraforaminal space. With the introduction of novel MRI acceleration techniques such as compressed SENSE, standard-resolution 2D T2w turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences with a slice-thickness of 3\u20134 mm can be replaced with high-resolution isotropic 3D T2w TSE sequences with sub-millimeter resolution without prolonging scan time. With high-resolution 3D MRI, the course of the nerve root can be visualized more precisely due to a detailed depiction of the anatomical situation and less partial volume effects, potentially allowing for a better detection of nerve root compromise. In this intra-individual comparison study, 55 patients with symptomatic unilateral singular nerve root radiculopathy underwent MRI with both 2D standard- and 3D high-resolution T2w TSE MRI sequences. Two readers graded the degree of lumbar lateral recess stenosis and lumbar foraminal stenosis twice on both image sets using previously validated grading systems in an effort to quantify the inter-readout and inter-sequence agreement of scores. Inter-readout agreement was high for both grading systems and for 2D and 3D imaging (Kappa = 0.823\u20130.945). Inter-sequence agreement was moderate for both lumbar lateral recess stenosis (Kappa = 0.55\u20130.577) and lumbar foraminal stenosis (Kappa = 0.543\u20130.572). The percentage of high degree stenosis with nerve root deformity increased from 16.4%\/9.8% to 41.8\u201343.6%\/34.1% from 2D to 3D images for lateral recess stenosis\/foraminal stenosis, respectively. Therefore, we show that while inter-readout agreement of grading systems is high for both standard- and high-resolution imaging, the latter outperforms standard-resolution imaging for the visualization of lumbar nerve root compromise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography8010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T21:07:11Z","timestamp":1643144831000},"page":"257-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["High-Resolution 3D versus Standard-Resolution 2D T2-Weighted Turbo Spin Echo MRI for the Assessment of Lumbar Nerve Root Compromise"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Sartoretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8006 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4812-987X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Sartoretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8006 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1rp\u00e1d","family":"Schwenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0209-4114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Alfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Winterthur, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6077-1921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Czell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8006 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wyss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips Health Systems, 8810 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4231-621X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Wildi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph A.","family":"Binkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8006 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Sartoretti-Schefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8006 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.04.022","article-title":"Lumbar disc nomenclature: Version 2.0: Recommendations of the combined task forces of the North American Spine Society, the American Society of Spine Radiology and the American Society of Neuroradiology","volume":"14","author":"Fardon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.207.2.9577486","article-title":"Lumbar spine: Quantitative and qualitative assessment of positional (upright flexion and extension) MR imaging and myelography","volume":"207","author":"Wildermuth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199105000-00007","article-title":"Lumbar intervertebral foramens. 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