{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:55:34Z","timestamp":1791910534444,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to identify early radiological signs of secondary hydrocephalus. We retrieved neuroradiological data from scans performed at various times in patients who underwent surgery for secondary hydrocephalus due to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), or brain tumour (BT). Baseline measurements, performed on the earliest images acquired after the neurological event (T0), included Evans\u2019 index, the distance between frontal horns, and the widths of both temporal horns. The next neuroimage that showed an increase in at least one of these four parameters\u2014and that lead the surgeon to act\u2014was selected as an indication of ventricular enlargement (T1). Comparisons of T0 and T1 neuroimages showed increases in Evans\u2019 index, in the mean frontal horn distance, and in the mean right and left temporal horn widths. Interestingly, in T1 scans, mean Evans\u2019 index scores &gt; 0.30 were only observed in patients with BT. However, the temporal horn widths increased up to ten-fold in most patients, independent of Evans\u2019 index scores. In conclusion temporal horn enlargements were the earliest, most sensitive findings in predicting ventricular enlargement secondary to TBI, SAH, or BT. To anticipate a secondary hydrocephalus radiological diagnosis, clinicians should measure both Evans\u2019 index and the temporal horn widths, to avoid severe disability and poor outcome related to temporal lobe damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography8030115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T05:25:42Z","timestamp":1653974742000},"page":"1429-1436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Temporal Horn Enlargements Predict Secondary Hydrocephalus Diagnosis Earlier than Evans\u2019 Index"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2056-0104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Missori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Paolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed-Pozzilli, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3920-8517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Peschillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mancarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed-Pozzilli, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8705-3783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony Kevin","family":"Scafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Rastelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology, Policlinico Umberto I, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology, Policlinico Umberto I, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Fattapposta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Neurology, Policlinico Umberto I, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7945-8342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Curr\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Neurology Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Ospedale A. Fiorini, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 04019 Terracina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000168185.29659.C5","article-title":"Diagnosing idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"57","author":"Relkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"The large temporal horn: MR analysis in developmental brain anomalies versus hydrocephalus","volume":"13","author":"Baker","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. 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