{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:31:00Z","timestamp":1781803860046,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jeonbuk National University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cognitive impairment in cancer patients can be caused by various factors; in approximately 30% of cancer patients, the symptoms appear before starting treatment. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is a rare disease associated with an autoimmune response, and is characterized by memory loss, depression, and personality changes; it is one of the potential causes of cognitive dysfunction in cancer patients. Two patients were previously diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and maintained clinical stability; after suffering a rapid change in personality and sudden cognitive decline, colorectal cancer was diagnosed within a few months. The patients did not meet the diagnostic criteria for PLE in several tests. The symptoms improved after the underlying cancer was treated, and the patients returned to their previous stable state. Sudden cognitive impairment may appear as an early cancer symptom, and PLE is considered an atypical cause for these symptoms. However, in patients with unexplained PLE-like symptoms who do not meet the diagnostic criteria for PLE, probable etiologies to be considered are the gut\u2013brain connection, CD8+ T-cell-mediated limbic encephalitis, and somatic mutations in dementia-related genes. Currently, few studies have investigated these symptoms, and further research will offer significant therapeutic strategies for cognitive impairment in cancer patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography8030123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T06:31:59Z","timestamp":1655101919000},"page":"1503-1508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Atypical Cognitive Impairment and Recovery in Two Colorectal Cancer Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hui Su","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwan Ho","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ko Woon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University\u2014Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byoung-Soo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University\u2014Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5443-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Goo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University\u2014Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21258","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and management of noncentral nervous system cancer-related cognitive impairment in adults","volume":"65","author":"Wefel","year":"2015","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.7.1481","article-title":"Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: Neurological symptoms, immunological findings and tumour association in 50 patients","volume":"123","author":"Gultekin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0099","article-title":"Paraneoplastic syndromes: An approach to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"Volume 85","author":"Pelosof","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9","article-title":"A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"15","author":"Graus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76304","article-title":"Gut\/brain axis and the microbiota","volume":"125","author":"Emeran","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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Alzheimer Res."}],"container-title":["Tomography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2379-139X\/8\/3\/123\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:27:07Z","timestamp":1760138827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2379-139X\/8\/3\/123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["tomography8030123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tomography8030123","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-139X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-139X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]}}}