{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:36:23Z","timestamp":1791837383675,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) are rare anatomical variations characterized by abnormal origin, course, or termination of the coronary arteries. This study aims to identify incidental CAAs in patients who underwent multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography (MDCTCA) to determine their incidence and to evaluate whether there is a difference between CAA types in terms of coronary atherosclerotic involvement. For this purpose, patients who underwent MDCTCA between December 2018 and January 2022 were retrospectively assessed. Of the 5200 MDCTCAs analyzed, CAAs were detected in 136 patients (2.61%). Of these 136 patients, 37 (27.2%) patients had an origin anomaly, 97 (71.3%) had a course anomaly, and 2 (1.5%) had a termination anomaly. There was no statistically significant difference between CAA types in terms of atherosclerotic involvement (p = 0.220). However, atherosclerotic involvement was high in vessels with anomalies when normal vessels with and without anomalies were compared (p = 0.005). Accurate detection of CAAs is vital for endovascular treatment or surgical intervention. MDCTCA is helpful both in the diagnosis of CAA and in the early detection and development of prevention strategies for coronary atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography8030135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T23:11:19Z","timestamp":1655939479000},"page":"1631-1641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Investigation of the Frequency of Coronary Artery Anomalies in MDCT Coronary Angiography and Comparison of Atherosclerotic Involvement between Anomaly Types"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tuna","family":"\u015eahin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, 09100 Ayd\u0131n, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehtap","family":"Ilgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, 44330 Malatya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"138","article-title":"Prevalence Rate of CCAA and CV in Adult Indian Patients Undergoing CTCA","volume":"31","author":"Ganga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Radiol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.14740\/cr941","article-title":"Incidence, Characteristics and Atherosclerotic Involvement of Coronary Artery Anomalies in Adult Population Undergoing Catheter Coronary Angiography","volume":"10","author":"Sidhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055347","article-title":"Coronary Artery Anomalies","volume":"144","author":"Gentile","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.03.002","article-title":"Does Sports Activity Enhance the Risk of Sudden Death in Adolescentsand and Young Adults?","volume":"42","author":"Corrado","year":"2003","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102921","article-title":"Return to play with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Are we moving too fast? A critical review","volume":"55","author":"Drezner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2019.1585807","article-title":"Exercise and sports participation in patients with thoracic aortic disease: A review","volume":"17","author":"Thijssen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13410","article-title":"The long-QT syndrome and exercise practice: Then ever-ending debate","volume":"29","author":"Mascia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3334","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14787","article-title":"Brugada syndrome and syncope: A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Mascia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cardiyovasc. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2021.03.012","article-title":"Anomalous origin of coronary artery from the opposite aortic sinus of Valsalva-a single center experience with a therapeutic conundrum","volume":"73","author":"Lanjewar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian Heart J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)01202-7","article-title":"Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries. Classification and significance","volume":"27","author":"Greenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"826","article-title":"Angiographic study of anatomical variations of coronary arteries by using diagnostic catheter","volume":"20","author":"Tharwat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zagazig Univ. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.21088\/jcms.2454.7123.3217.14","article-title":"Clinical and angiographic profile of coronary artery anomalies in patients undergoing coronary angiography","volume":"3","author":"Somashekhara","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4250\/jcvi.2020.0195","article-title":"Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"30","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4103\/2321-449x.196286","article-title":"Coronary artery ectasia, an enigma in cardiology: A case report with review of literature","volume":"4","author":"Ete","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart India"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"158","article-title":"Coronary artery ectasia: From diagnosis to treatment","volume":"51","author":"Mavrogeni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hellenic. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.1810210110","article-title":"Coronary artery anomalies in 126,595 patients undergoing coronary arteriography","volume":"21","author":"Yamanaka","year":"1990","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Diagn."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20588","article-title":"Prevalence of coronary artery anomalies in 12,457 adult patients who underwent coronary angiography","volume":"33","author":"Yildiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000016175.49835.57","article-title":"Coronary anomalies: Incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical relevance","volume":"105","author":"Angelini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.1810060207","article-title":"Myocardial bridging of the LAD: Evaluation using exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy","volume":"6","author":"Greenspan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Diagn."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(83)90363-0","article-title":"Dual left anterior descending coronary artery: Angiographic description of important variants and surgical implications","volume":"105","author":"Grose","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.60.731","article-title":"Clinical features of prognosis of Japanese patients with anomalous origin of the coronary artery","volume":"60","author":"Kaku","year":"1996","journal-title":"Jpn. Circ. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Namgung, J., and Kim, J.A. (2014). The prevalence of coronary anomalies in a single center of Korea: Origination, course, and termination anomalies of aberrant coronary arteries detected by ECG-gated cardiac MDCT. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-14-48"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4103\/heartindia.heartindia_33_18","article-title":"Study of clinical profille, incidence, pattern, and atherosclerotic involvement of congenital coronary artery anomalies in adults undergoing coronary angiography: A study from a tertiary care institute in western part of India","volume":"6","author":"Nawale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart India"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-4-58","article-title":"Primary congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries and relation to atherosclerosis: An angiographic study in Lebanon","volume":"4","author":"Eid","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.262055068","article-title":"Coronary artery anomalies: Classification and ECG-gated multi-detector row CT findings with angiographic correlation","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2069.93727","article-title":"Anomalous origin of right coronary artery from pulmonary artery","volume":"5","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Pediatric Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"140","article-title":"A Rare Coronary Artery Anomaly: Single Coronary Artery Originate from Right Sinus Valsalva R-IIP Sub-Group Type","volume":"3","author":"Ozyurtlu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pergola, V., Cabrelle, G., Barbiero, G., Dellino, C.M., Reffo, E., Di Salvo, G., and Motta, R. (2021). Single coronary artery originating from right sinus. Role of MDCT and a review of literature. Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis., 92.","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2021.1915"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018170158","article-title":"Coronary artery fistulas: Pathophysiology, imaging findings, and management","volume":"38","author":"Yun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1349162","article-title":"Coronary arteriovenous fistulae: A review","volume":"23","author":"Challoumas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Angiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2015.12.057","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging characterizes stenosis, perfusion, and fibrosis preoperatively and postoperatively in children with anomalous coronary arteries","volume":"152","author":"Brothers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563645","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa554","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease","volume":"42","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.1029","article-title":"2018 AHA\/ACC Guideline for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"73","author":"Stout","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Tomography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2379-139X\/8\/3\/135\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:35:25Z","timestamp":1760139325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2379-139X\/8\/3\/135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["tomography8030135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tomography8030135","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-139X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-139X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]}}}