{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T02:22:44Z","timestamp":1781749364571,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm based on Texture Analysis (TA) parameters in the prediction of Pathological Complete Response (pCR) to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (nChRT) in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (LARC) patients. Methods: LARC patients were prospectively enrolled to undergo pre- and post-nChRT 3T MRI for initial loco-regional staging. TA was performed on axial T2-Weighted Images (T2-WI) to extract specific parameters, including skewness, kurtosis, entropy, and mean of positive pixels. For the assessment of TA parameter diagnostic performance, all patients underwent complete surgical resection, which served as a reference standard. ROC curve analysis was carried out to determine the discriminatory accuracy of each quantitative TA parameter to predict pCR. A ML-based decisional tree was implemented combining all TA parameters in order to improve diagnostic accuracy. Results: Forty patients were considered for final study population. Entropy, kurtosis and MPP showed statistically significant differences before and after nChRT in patients with pCR; in particular, when patients with Pathological Partial Response (pPR) and\/or Pathological Non-Response (pNR) were considered, entropy and skewness showed significant differences before and after nChRT (all p &lt; 0.05). In terms of absolute value changes, pre- and post-nChRT entropy, and kurtosis showed significant differences (0.31 \u00b1 0.35, in pCR, \u22120.02 \u00b1 1.28 in pPR\/pNR, (p = 0.04); 1.87 \u00b1 2.19, in pCR, \u22120.06 \u00b1 3.78 in pPR\/pNR (p = 0.0005); 107.91 \u00b1 274.40, in pCR, \u221228.33 \u00b1 202.91 in pPR\/pNR, (p = 0.004), respectively). According to ROC curve analysis, pre-treatment kurtosis with an optimal cut-off value of \u22643.29 was defined as the best discriminative parameter, resulting in a sensitivity and specificity in predicting pCR of 81.5% and 61.5%, respectively. Conclusions: TA parameters extracted from T2-WI MRI images could play a key role as imaging biomarkers in the prediction of response to nChRT in LARC patients. ML algorithms can be used to efficiently combine all TA parameters in order to improve diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography8040173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T01:56:40Z","timestamp":1661133400000},"page":"2059-2072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Performance of Machine Learning and Texture Analysis for Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer with 3T MRI"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2731-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Bellini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome\u2014I.C.O.T. Hospital, Via Franco Faggiana, 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3108-7527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iacopo","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome\u2014I.C.O.T. Hospital, Via Franco Faggiana, 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9087-5692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Rengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome\u2014I.C.O.T. Hospital, Via Franco Faggiana, 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5193-7464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Vicini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome\u2014I.C.O.T. Hospital, Via Franco Faggiana, 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0967-7101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Panvini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome\u2014I.C.O.T. Hospital, Via Franco Faggiana, 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9285-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damiano","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome\u2014Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Sant\u2032Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2959-4493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"Iannicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome\u2014Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Sant\u2032Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5359-9991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Tombolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3091-7819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Laghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome\u2014Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Sant\u2032Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pham, T.T., Liney, G., Wong, K., Rai, R., Lee, M., Moses, D., Henderson, C., Lin, M., Shin, J.-S., and Barton, M.B. 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