{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:09:36Z","timestamp":1791976176970,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]],"date-time":"2023-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Computed Tomography Urography (CTU) is a multiphase CT examination optimized for imaging kidneys, ureters, and bladder, complemented by post-contrast excretory phase imaging. Different protocols are available for contrast administration and image acquisition and timing, with different strengths and limits, mainly related to kidney enhancement, ureters distension and opacification, and radiation exposure. The availability of new reconstruction algorithms, such as iterative and deep-learning-based reconstruction has dramatically improved the image quality and reducing radiation exposure at the same time. Dual-Energy Computed Tomography also has an important role in this type of examination, with the possibility of renal stone characterization, the availability of synthetic unenhanced phases to reduce radiation dose, and the availability of iodine maps for a better interpretation of renal masses. We also describe the new artificial intelligence applications for CTU, focusing on radiomics to predict tumor grading and patients\u2019 outcome for a personalized therapeutic approach. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of CTU from the traditional to the newest acquisition techniques and reconstruction algorithms, and the possibility of advanced imaging interpretation to provide an up-to-date guide for radiologists who want to better comprehend this technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography9030075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T01:36:27Z","timestamp":1682991387000},"page":"909-930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Computed Tomography Urography: State of the Art and Beyond"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7401-1971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Cellina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Piazza Principessa Clotilde 3, 20121 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8906-5665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"C\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolo\u2019","family":"Rossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, University Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Maria","family":"Cacioppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiological Sciences, University Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velio","family":"Ascenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianpaolo","family":"Carrafiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Policlinico di Milano Ospedale Maggiore|Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Floridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiological Sciences, University Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Special and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital \u201cUmberto I-Lancisi-Salesi\u201d, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0792-x","article-title":"CT urography: Definition, indications and techniques. 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