{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:55:43Z","timestamp":1785779743885,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Ultrasound diagnostics is an important examination method in everyday clinical practice, but student education is often inadequate for acquiring sufficient basic skills. Individual universities have therefore started integrating (extra)curricular training concepts into medical education. This study aimed to evaluate sustainable skills development through participation in peer-assisted ultrasound courses. Methods: From 2017, students in the clinical part of medical school could opt for extracurricular peer-assisted ultrasound courses. Depending on the format (10-week course\/2-day compact course) these comprised 20 teaching units focusing on abdominal and emergency ultrasonography. Students attending compulsory workshops at the start of their practical year were enrolled in this study, allowing for a comparison between the study group (attended ultrasound course) and the control group (did not attend ultrasound course). Competency from two out of four practical exams (subjects: \u201caorta\u201d, \u201cgallbladder\u201d, \u201ckidney\u201d and \u201clung\u201d) was measured, and a theory test on the same subject areas (\u201cpathology recognition\u201d) was administered. Additional questions concerned biographical data, subjective competency assessment (7-point Likert scale), and \u201cattitude to ultrasound training in the curriculum\u201d. Results: Analysis included 302 participants in total. Ultrasound courses had been attended on average 2.5 years earlier (10-week course) and 12 months earlier (2-day compact course), respectively. The study group (n = 141) achieved significantly better results than the control group (n = 161) in the long-term follow-up. This applies both to practical exams (p &lt; 0.01) and theory tests (p &lt; 0.01). After course attendance, participants reported a significantly higher subjective assessment of theoretical (p &lt; 0.01) and practical (p &lt; 0.01) ultrasound skills. Conclusions: Peer-assisted ultrasound courses can sustainably increase both theoretical and practical competency of medical students. This highlights the potential and need for standardised implementation of ultrasound courses in the medical education curriculum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography9040104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:53:04Z","timestamp":1688518384000},"page":"1315-1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Long-Term Effectiveness and Sustainability of Integrating Peer-Assisted Ultrasound Courses into Medical School\u2014A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3759-8176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes Matthias","family":"Weimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rudolf Frey Learning Clinic, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Widmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rudolf Frey Learning Clinic, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Uwe","family":"Strelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rudolf Frey Learning Clinic, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Hopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rudolf Frey Learning Clinic, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Buggenhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rudolf Frey Learning Clinic, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Dirks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Rems-Murr-Klinikum, 71364 Winnenden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"K\u00fcnzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 95053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"B\u00f6rner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterological Medical Group Offices at the MED Specialist Centre Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas Michael","family":"Weimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liv Annebritt","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Rink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 95053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Bellh\u00e4user","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55112 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina Judit","family":"Schiestl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5492-4792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Kloeckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein\u2014Campus L\u00fcbeck, 23583 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7344-8381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Weinmann-Menke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.11152\/mu-3757","article-title":"History of Ultrasound in Medicine from its birth to date (2022), on occasion of the 50 Years Anniversary of EFSUMB. A publication of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound In Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB), designed to record the historical development of medical ultrasound","volume":"24","author":"Dietrich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Ultrason."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-008-9101-y","article-title":"Long-term retention of basic science knowledge: A review study","volume":"15","author":"Custers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Health Sci. Educ. 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