{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:09:09Z","timestamp":1790834949502,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cluster of Excellence iFIT","award":["EXC 2180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2180"]}]},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence iFIT","award":["EXC 2064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2064"]}]},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cMachine Learning: New Perspectives for Science\u201d","award":["EXC 2180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2180"]}]},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cMachine Learning: New Perspectives for Science\u201d","award":["EXC 2064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2064"]}]},{"name":"University of Tuebingen","award":["EXC 2180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2180"]}]},{"name":"University of Tuebingen","award":["EXC 2064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Histogram indices (HIs) and texture features (TFs) are considered to play an important role in future oncologic PET-imaging and it is unknown how these indices are affected by changes of tracer doses. A randomized undersampling of PET list mode data enables a simulation of tracer dose reduction. We performed a phantom study to compare HIs\/TFs of simulated and measured tracer dose reductions and evaluated changes of HIs\/TFs in the liver of patients with PETs from simulated reduced tracer doses. Overall, 42 HIs\/TFs were evaluated in a NEMA phantom at measured and simulated doses (stepwise reduction of [18 F] from 100% to 25% of the measured dose). [18 F]-FDG-PET datasets of 15 patients were simulated from 3.0 down to 0.5 MBq\/kgBW in intervals of 0.25 MBq\/kgBW. HIs\/TFs were calculated from two VOIs placed in physiological tissue of the right and left liver lobe and linear correlations and coefficients of variation analysis were performed. Results: All 42 TFs did not differ significantly in measured and simulated doses (p &gt; 0.05). Also, 40 TFs showed the same behaviour over dose reduction regarding differences in the same group (measured or simulated), and for 26 TFs a linear behaviour over dose reduction for measured and simulated doses could be validated. Out of these, 13 TFs could be identified, which showed a linear change in TF value in both the NEMA phantom and patient data and therefore should maintain the same informative value when transferred in a dose reduction setting. Out of this Homogeneity 2, Entropy and Zone size non-uniformity are of special interest because they have been described as preferentially considerable for tumour heterogeneity characterization. Conclusions: We could show that there was no significant difference of measured and simulated HIs\/TFs in the phantom study and most TFs reveal a linear behaviour over dose reduction, when tested in homogeneous tissue. This indicates that texture analysis in PET might be robust to dose modulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography9050143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T08:24:44Z","timestamp":1695889484000},"page":"1799-1810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of Tracer Dose Reduction in [18 F]-Labelled Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography ([18 F]-FDG)-PET) on Texture Features and Histogram Indices: A Study in Homogeneous Tissues of Phantom and Patient"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3657-7234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Vogel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 14, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"},{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9696-2954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferdinand","family":"Seith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1930-7497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arne","family":"Estler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2668-7325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin","family":"Nikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180): \u201cImage-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies\u201d, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, University of Tuebingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7519-0417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"la Foug\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 14, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180): \u201cImage-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies\u201d, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0353-4898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"K\u00fcstner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Image and Data Analysis Lab (MIDAS.lab), Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113205","article-title":"Intratumor heterogeneity and branched evolution revealed by multiregion sequencing","volume":"366","author":"Gerlinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. 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