{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:46:33Z","timestamp":1790797593298,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have described the chemical pollution in indoor air of healthcare and care facilities. From these studies, the main objective of this work was to conduct a quantitative health risk assessment of the chronic inhalation of chemical compounds by workers in healthcare and elderly care facilities (hospitals, dental and general practitioner offices, pharmacies and nursing homes). The molecules of interest were 36 volatile and 13 semi-volatile organic compounds. Several professional exposure scenarios were developed in these facilities. The likelihood and severity of side effects that could occur were assessed by calculating the hazard quotient for deterministic effects, and the excess lifetime cancer risk for stochastic effects. No hazard quotient was greater than 1. Three compounds had a hazard quotient above 0.1: 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in dental and general practitioner offices, ethylbenzene and acetone in dental offices. Only formaldehyde presented an excess lifetime cancer risk greater than 1 \u00d7 10\u22125 in dental and general practitioner offices (maximum value of 3.8 \u00d7 10\u22125 for general practitioners). The health risk for chronic inhalation of most compounds investigated did not appear to be of concern. Some values tend to approach the acceptability thresholds justifying a reflection on the implementation of corrective actions such as the installation of ventilation systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10030141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T03:36:23Z","timestamp":1647401783000},"page":"141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Quantitative Health Risk Assessment of the Chronic Inhalation of Chemical Compounds in Healthcare and Elderly Care Facilities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Colas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"},{"name":"CHRU-Nancy, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2905-0530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Baudet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRU-Nancy, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 D\u2019odontologie, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"},{"name":"APEMAC, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Le Cann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EHESP School of Public Health, Inserm, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)\u2014UMR_S 1085, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EHESP School of Public Health, Inserm, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)\u2014UMR_S 1085, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4974-5607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Gangneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EHESP School of Public Health, Inserm, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)\u2014UMR_S 1085, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU-Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estelle","family":"Baur\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EHESP School of Public Health, Inserm, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)\u2014UMR_S 1085, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2011-4016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Florentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"},{"name":"CHRU-Nancy, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"},{"name":"APEMAC, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2015.1134371","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Evidence and Implications of Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in Indoor Human Environments","volume":"19","author":"Madureira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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