{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:31:40Z","timestamp":1774927900502,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare Clinical Trial Center","award":["MOHW109-TDU-B-212-124004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW109-TDU-B-212-124004"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 110-2320-B-039-031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2320-B-039-031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007300","name":"China Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMU110-MF-70"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU110-MF-70"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007300","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004391","name":"China Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR-111-105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-111-105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tungs\u2019 Taichung Metro Harbor hospital research grant","award":["TTMHH-R1120013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TTMHH-R1120013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Air pollutants as risk factors for benign brain tumor (BBT) remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study by integrating the patients\u2019 clinical data and daily air quality data to assess the environmental risk factors of BBT in Taiwan.Daily air quality data were categorized into quartiles (Q1 to Q4). The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was evaluated by comparing the BBT incidence rate of the subjects in Q2\u2013Q4 with that of the subjects in Q1 (the lowest concentration of air pollutants). A total of 161,213 subjects were enrolled in the study. Among the air pollutants tested, the aHR of BBT was significantly higher in the subjects who were exposed to the highest level (Q4) of CO (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.08\u20131.74), NO2 (aHR 1.40, 95% CI 1.09\u20131.78), and PM2.5 (aHR 1.30, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.65) than that in the subjects who were exposed to the lowest level (Q1). No significant risk association of BBT with SO2 and PM10 exposure was observed. The results revealed that long-term exposure to air pollutants, particularly CO, NO2, and PM2.5, is associated with the risk of BBT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10040176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T06:04:01Z","timestamp":1648965841000},"page":"176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution Associates the Risk of Benign Brain Tumor: A Nationwide, Population-Based, Cohort Study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4453-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuang-Hsi","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Tungs\u2019 Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for General Education, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"General Education Center, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9744-0368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chieh-Lin Jerry","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9071-475X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Chao","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackey Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2694-1207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella Chin-Shaw","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Tungs\u2019 Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan"},{"name":"Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han-Jie","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Tungs\u2019 Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsai-Ling","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Tungs\u2019 Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Tungs\u2019 Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hsin","family":"Muo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5632-2733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung Y.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruey-Hwang","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ph.D. Program of Biotechnology and Biomedical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00014","article-title":"Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review","volume":"8","author":"Manisalidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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