{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:11:37Z","timestamp":1792145497651,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Evidence is now growing that exposure to environmental pollutants during the critical early-life period of brain development may contribute to the emergence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study seeks to compare the developmental neurotoxicity of the \u03b1-isomer of hexabromocyclododecane (\u03b1-HBCDD), a persistent brominated flame retardant, to the valproic acid (VPA) model of ASD in rodents. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, \u03b1-HBCDD (100 ng\/kg\/day p.o., GD0-PND21) and VPA (600 mg\/kg i.p., GD12). Male offspring were tested for their neuromotor development from PND2-21. At PND21, brain functionality was assessed by measuring cytochrome oxidase activity (CO). Modifications in neuroglia and synaptic plasticity were evaluated in the cortex. Similar subtle behavioural changes related to neuromotor maturation and noise reaction were observed in both treated groups. At PND21, a reduction in CO activity was measured in the VPA group only, in specific areas including auditory nuclei, visual cortex, cingulate and frontal cortices. At the same age, \u03b1-HBCDD pointed out significant overexpression of cortical markers of synaptic plasticity while both treated groups showed a significant under expression of astrocyte proteins (S100-\u03b2 and GFAP). Early-life exposure to a low dose of \u03b1-HBCDD may trigger neurobehavioural alterations in line with ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10040180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T22:23:23Z","timestamp":1649370203000},"page":"180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Head-to-Head Study of Developmental Neurotoxicity and Resultant Phenotype in Rats: \u03b1-Hexabromocyclododecane versus Valproic Acid, a Recognized Model of Reference for Autism Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4704-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Morel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Calbinotox, EA7488, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, 54506 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armelle","family":"Christophe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calbinotox, EA7488, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, 54506 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy","family":"Maguin-Gat\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calbinotox, EA7488, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, 54506 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Paoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calbinotox, EA7488, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, 54506 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2760-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1288-6852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henri","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calbinotox, EA7488, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, 54506 Nancy, France"},{"name":"Inserm U1256, NGERE, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7042-164X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Grova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calbinotox, EA7488, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, 54506 Nancy, France"},{"name":"Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"},{"name":"Inserm U1256, NGERE, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"236","article-title":"The valproate model of autism","volume":"35","author":"Bossu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. 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